恩格斯_综合百科

恩格斯(1820～1895年)

Engels, Friedrich

德国社会主义哲学家。父亲是纺织厂的厂长，後来他自己成为成功的生意人，从没有因他的共产主义原则和批评资本家而干扰到他的公司有利的运作。年轻时对「青年黑格尔派」（Young Hegelian）所阐述的黑格尔（G. W. F. Hegel）哲学开始有兴趣，後来被人说服改信共产主义是黑格尔主义（Hegelianism）和辩证法（dialectic）的合乎逻辑的结论。1844年恩格斯出版《英国工人阶级状况》（The Condition of the Working Class in England）。他在科隆结识了马克思，两人建立了恒久的夥伴关系，一起促进社会主义运动。他们两人说服伦敦第二次共产党代表大会（Communist Congress）接受他们的观点，大会乃授权他们两人起草《共产党宣言》（Communist Manifesto, 1948）。马克思去世（1883）後，恩格斯成为关於马克思和马克思主义（Marxism）的最大权威。除了写自己的书外，恩格斯还以马克思未完成的手稿和笔记为基础写成《资本论》（Das Kapital）第二卷（1885）和第三卷（1894）。

English version：

1820～1895年

Engels, Friedrich

German Socialist philosopher. Son of a factory owner, he eventually became a successful businessman himself, never allowing his communist principles and criticism of capitalist ways to interfere with the profitable operations of his firm. As a young man he developed an interest in the philosophy of G. W. F. Hegel as expounded by the Young Hegelians, and he became persuaded that the logical consequence of Hegelianism and dialectic was communism. In 1844 he published The Condition of the Working Class in England. With Karl Marx, whom he met in Cologne, he formed a permanent partnership to promote the socialist movement. After persuading the second Communist Congress to adopt their views, the two men were authorized to draft the Communist Manifesto (1848). After Marx's death (1883), Engels served as the foremost authority on Marx and Marxism. Aside from his own books, he completed volumes 2 and 3 of Das Kapital on the basis of Marx's uncompleted manuscripts and rough notes.

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