高斯(1777～1855年)
Gauss, Carl Friedrich，原名Johann Friedrich Carl Gauss。
德国数学家、天文学家和物理学家。双亲贫穷，他却是令人匪夷所思的神童。十几岁时，他已经做出惊人的证明，也在古代语言方面展现长才。他出版一百五十本以上的书籍，也做出代数学的基本理论（在他的博士论文中）、最小平方法、高斯－乔登消去法（矩阵方程式求解）、钟形曲线或高斯错误曲线（参阅normal distribution）等重要贡献。在他死後，人们找到他尚未出版的许多重要报告－－只因这些报告没有达到他的高标准要求。他对非欧几里德几何学的发展在几十年里不曾受到注意。高斯也对物理学和天文学做出重要贡献，并率先把数学应用於引力、电力、磁性。他也发展出电位理论和实分析的领域。他与阿基米德和牛顿一样，是古今最伟大的数学家之一。
English version：
1777～1855年
Gauss, Carl Friedrich
German mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. Born to poor parents, he was a prodigy of astounding depth. By his early teens he had already performed astonishing proofs who also distinguished himself in ancient languages. He published over 150 works and made such important contributions as the fundamental theorem of algebra (in his doctoral dissertation), the least squares method, Gauss-Jordan elimination (for solving matrix equations), and the bell curve (or Gaussian error curve) (see normal distribution). After he died, many important papers were found that he had not published because they did not meet his high standards. His development of non-Euclidean geometry went unnoticed for decades. Gauss also made important contributions to physics and astronomy and pioneered the application of mathematics to gravitation, electricity, and magnetism. He also developed the fields of potential theory and real analysis. With Archimedes and Newton, he is one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.