绘画

浏览

在一个二度空间、平坦的平面起草构图(prepared)、运用彩色颜料所生产的图案,这些图案可以是再现的、想像的或抽象的,凡此种种所构成的艺术。以不同的方式,运用图案的元素(即线、颜色、光度及质地),以产生对於体积、空间、运动和光线的感官知觉。媒介的范围(举例来说,蛋彩画、湿壁画、油书、水彩、水墨书、广告色画、蜡书、蛋白灰泥画(casein)以及选择特定的形式(举例来说,壁画、画架上的画〔easel〕、油画版上的画、细密画、手抄本装饰画、画卷、屏风、扇),两者相结合以实现独特的视觉图像。部族、宗教、行会、皇家宫廷以及国家等的早期文化传统,控制了绘画的技艺、形式、意像、主题,并且决定绘画的功能(举例来说,仪式性、宗教的虔诚、装饰性)。画家被视为是有技巧的工匠,而非有创造力的艺术家,直到最後 在中东与文艺复兴时期的欧洲,优秀的艺术家开始浮昇至与学者、朝臣相同的社会地位

painting

Art consisting of representational, imaginative, or abstract designs produced by application of colored paints to a two-dimensional, prepared, flat surface. The elements of design (i.e., line, color, tone, texture) are used in various ways to produce sensations of volume, space, movement, and light. The range of media (e.g., tempera, fresco, oil, watercolor, ink, gouache, encaustic, casein) and the choice of a particular form (e.g., mural, easel, panel, miniature, illuminated manuscript, scroll, screen, fan) combine to realize a unique visual image. The early cultural traditions of tribes, religions, guilds, royal courts, and states controlled the craft, form, imagery, and subject matter of painting and determined its function (e.g., ritualistic, devotional, decorative). Painters were considered skilled artisans rather than creative artists until eventually, in the Far East and Renaissance Europe, the fine artist emerged with the social status of a scholar and courtier.

参考文章