铝

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铝(aluminum)

化学元素，银白色轻金属，化学符号Al，原子序数为13。铝的化学性质活泼，多存在於化合物中。为地壳中丰度最高的金属元素，多存在於铝土矿（bauxiTe，主要成分为矿石〔ore〕）、长石、云母（mica）、黏土等矿物和砖红壤（laterite）中，也存在於宝石之内，如黄宝石（topaz）、红宝石（garnet）及金绿宝石（Chrysobery）；而刚玉金刚砂、深红宝石（ruby）及蓝宝石（sapphire）则为晶透的氧化铝（aluminum oxide）。1825年首次分离出来，19世纪末期开始商业用途，今日是除了铁以外最广泛使用的金属。虽然它的化学性质活泼，但其表面在空气中会形成一层薄膜，所以有很强的耐腐蚀性。铝及其合金被用作飞机构件、建筑材料、耐用消费品导电体等。重要的化合物包括了：明矾（alum）；氧化铝，可用作各种化学反应催化剂的载体；氯化铝（aluminum chloride），广泛用来制备各种各样的有机化合物；氢氧化铝（alumium hydroxide），用於制造防水织物。

English version：

aluminum

Metallic chemical element, chemical symbol Al, atomic number 13. A lightweight, silvery-white metal, it is so reactive chemically that it always occurs in compounds. It is the most abundant metallic element in the earth's crust, chiefly in bauxite (its principal ore), feldspars, micas, clay minerals, and laterite. It also occurs in gemstones, such as topaz, garnet, and chrysoberyl; emery, corundum, ruby, and sapphire are crystalline aluminum oxide. Aluminum was first isolated in 1825, became commercially available in the late 19th century, and is now the most widely used metal after iron. Its surface oxidizes at once to a hard, tough film, deterring further corrosion. Uses include building and construction, corrosion-resistant chemical equipment, auto parts, power transmission lines, photoengraving plates, magnets, and tubes for ointments and pastes. Important compounds include alums; alumina (aluminum oxide), useful as corundum and as a carrier for many catalysts; aluminum chloride, a widely used catalyst for organic syntheses; and aluminum hydroxide, used to waterproof fabrics.

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