喷撒(spraying and dusting)
对植物、动物、土地和农产品施用化学杀虫剂和其他化合物的常用方法。喷雾法是先将化学药品溶解或悬浮於水中或有时在油质载体中，然後将此混合物以细雾的形式使用。撒粉法则将乾燥的、细微的粉末状化学药品与一种惰性载体相混合，然後用鼓风机撒布。熏蒸法是将气体或挥发性化合物的蒸气与欲处理的物料保持密切接触。喷液和粉剂用於抑制植物的昆虫、微生物、真菌性和细菌性疾病，还有动物身上散播疾病的昆虫，如蝨子和苍蝇，以及杂草。也用於撒布无机肥料，增减果实数量，推迟快成熟果实的掉落，并使植物落叶以利收割（例如棉花；参阅defoliant）。喷液比粉剂能更好地黏附在被喷洒物的表面上。熏蒸法可用於抑制贮存产品中的昆虫和某些疾病及土壤中的昆虫，有时也可杀死土壤中的真菌和杂草。喷撒逐渐扩大的应用使得人们关心它对自然、食物链、供水系统和公共卫生的影响，新的化学药品和预防方法只能减少一部分危险。亦请参阅crop duster、fungicide、herbicide、insecticide。
English version：
spraying and dusting
Standard methods of applying pest-control chemicals and other compounds to plants, animals, soils, or agricultural products. For spraying, chemicals are dissolved or suspended in water or, less commonly, in an oil-based carrier. The mixture is then applied as a fine mist. In dusting, dry, finely powdered chemicals may be mixed with an inert carrier and applied with a blower. In fumigation, gases or the vapors of volatile compounds are held in contact with the materials to be treated. Sprays and dusts are used to control insects, mites, fungi, and bacterial diseases of plants; disease-spreading insects, such as lice and flies, on animals; and weeds. They are also used to apply mineral fertilizers, to increase or decrease fruit set, to delay the dropping of nearly mature fruits, and to defoliate plants to facilitate harvesting (e.g., of cotton; see defoliant). Sprays adhere to treated surfaces better than dusts do. Fumigation may be used to control insects and some diseases in stored products or to control insects and sometimes fungi and weeds in soil. Increasing use of spraying and dusting has prompted concern over their impact on the environment, the food chain, the water supply, and public health. New chemicals and precautions have only partially allayed these concerns. See also crop duster, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide.