经济计划(economic planning)
在资源利用方面，由政府作出经济决定的过程。在拥有国家计画机构的共产国家，详细而严格的计画促成了控制经济（command economy），土地（land）、资本（capital）及生产方法皆为大众所有并由中央分派，大大小小的决定皆由政府做成。个体经济决定包括生产什麽货品和服务、生产之数量、要求之价格、给付之工资；总体经济决定包括投资比率和对外贸易程度。在大部分的工业化国家，政府藉着货币政策和金融政策间接影响它们的经济。一些关键的经济部门可能是公有的，但在大萧条和第二次世界大战後社会化的工业，趋势一直是朝向民营化。日本是资本主义架构下最值得注意的经济计画实例，政府和工业在资本投入、研究与发展、出口策略的计画模式方面紧密合作。亦请参阅capitalism、communism、socialism、zaibatsu。
English version：
economic planning
Use of government to make economic decisions with respect to the use of resources. In communist countries with a state planning apparatus, detailed and rigid planning results in a command economy; land, capital, and the means of production are publicly owned and centrally allocated, and the government makes both micro- and macroeconomic decisions. Microeconomic decisions include what goods and services to produce, the quantities to produce, the prices to charge, and the wages to pay. Macroeconomic decisions include the rate of investment and the extent of foreign trade. In most industrialized countries, governments influence their economies indirectly through monetary and fiscal policies. A few key economic sectors may be publicly owned, but the trend has been toward the privatization of industries that were socialized in the aftermath of the Great Depression and World War II. Japan is the most notable example of economic planning in a capitalist framework; government and industry cooperate closely in planning patterns of capital investment, research and development, and export strategies. See also capitalism, communism, socialism, zaibatsu.