意第绪语戏剧(Yiddish drama)
意第绪语舞台剧的文学、演出和表演风格。欧洲的犹太人戏剧起源於中世纪，当时，舞蹈演员和哑剧演员在掣签节（普珥节）庆祝会上作娱乐性演出。至16世纪，这些剧目改用意第绪语演出，职业意第绪语戏剧始於1876年，这年，戈德法登（1840～1908）与巡游音乐家，在罗马尼亚演出他自己的两幕音乐短剧。1883年颁布的反闪米特人的法律明确禁止意第绪语剧目後，剧作家及其许多演员均流亡到英国和美国。1918年，施瓦茨创建意第绪语艺术剧院，并担任导演和主要演员。他在全盛时期是这一意第绪语戏剧舞台上最负盛名的演员。第二次世界大战毁灭了东欧的大部分意第绪语文化。20世纪下半叶，有一些意第绪语剧院，在纽约、伦敦和华沙重新出现。
English version：
Yiddish drama
Productions of the professional Yiddish theater. European Jewish drama originated in the Middle Ages, when dancers and jesters entertained at Purim celebrations. By the 16th century, elaborate plays were being performed for the occasion in Yiddish. The professional Yiddish theater dates from 1876, when Abraham Goldfaden (1840-1908) wrote a well-received musical sketch in Romania and organized a troupe to perform his songs and plays. In 1883 anti-Semitic laws in Russia that forbade Yiddish plays compelled many actors and playwrights to emigrate to England and the U.S. The playwright Jacob Gordin (1853-1909) brought new material and adaptations to the U.S. Yiddish theater, including The Jewish King Lear (1892), starring Jacob P. Adler, founder of a family of Yiddish- and English-speaking actors. In 1918 Maurice Schwartz founded and directed the Yiddish Art Theatre, which trained such actors as Jacob Ben-Ami and Muni Weisenfreund (later known as Paul Muni). World War II destroyed most Yiddish culture in Eastern Europe, and by the late 20th century only a few Yiddish theaters survived in such cities as New York, London, Bucharest, and Warsaw.