莫里哀(1622～1673年)
Molière，原名Jean-Baptiste Poquelin。
法国演员和剧作家兼导演。富裕的家具商之子。1643年离开家成为一名演员，加入贝雅尔家族。他参与创立剧团，并在法国各省进行巡回演出（1645～1658），为其编写剧本并参与表演。在路易十四世的赞助下，他在巴黎的一家剧院建立了剧团，以《可笑的女才子》（1659）在宫廷和资产阶级观众中赢得美名。他的其他主要戏剧包括《太太学堂》（1662）、《达尔杜弗》（1664）、《愤世嫉俗》（1666）、《守财奴》（1668）、《吝啬鬼》（1669）、《贵人迷》（1670）和《没病找病》（1673）。他的作品表现了17世纪法国社会的所有阶层，充满幽默和对人类恶习、空虚和罪恶的智慧地嘲讽。尽管取得巨大成功，他从未放弃表演和导演。在一次表演中生病，一天後死於出血，但其圣葬遭到拒绝。他被认为是最伟大的法国戏剧家和现代法国戏剧之父。
English version：
1622～1673年
Molière
French playwright, actor, and director. The son of a prosperous upholsterer, he left home to become an actor in 1643, joining forces with the Béjart family. He cofounded the troupe known as the Illustre Théatre and toured the French provinces (1645-58), writing plays and acting in them. After his troupe was established in a permanent theater in Paris under the patronage of Louis XIV, he won acclaim in the court and among bourgeois audiences for his comedy The Affected Young Ladies (1659). His other major plays included The School for Wives (1662), Tartuffe (1664; initially banned by religious authorities), The Misanthrope (1666), Amphitryon (1668), The Miser (1669), The Bourgeois Gentleman (1670), and The Imaginary Invalid (1673). His plays composed a portrait of all levels of 17th-century French society, and were marked by their good-humored and intelligent mockery of human vices, vanities, and follies. Despite his success, he never ceased to act and direct. Taken ill during a performance, he died of a hemorrhage within a day and was denied holy burial. He is considered the greatest French dramatist and the father of modern French comedy.