耆那教(Jainism)
西元前6世纪由筏驮摩那（大雄）创立的印度宗教。其信仰的核心是不能伤害所有的生物（即不害）。因反对吠陀教而创立，吠陀教需奉献动物牲礼给神。耆那教认为没有创世之神，但在生活上有各类的小神。信徒相信他们的宗教是永恒不朽的，并认为在各个阶段透过一些「胜利者」（Conqueror）来显现，大雄就是这些胜利者的第二十四代。大雄过着禁欲的生活，他训诫教徒必须以严格的苦行和克己方式为手段，才能使人性完善，逃脱生死轮回，并获得解脱（moksha）。耆那教徒视业为与解脱有关的、看不见的物质实体，只能透过禁欲主义才能解决。到西元1世纪时，耆那教分为两派：天衣派和白衣派（较温和）。天衣派主张信徒应该舍弃一切，一无所有，甚至连衣物也不要；女人必须再世为男人，才能获得解脱。後来这两派各自发展了自己的圣典教规。耆那教徒一直恪守着虔敬的生活原则，以热心慈善工作闻名，包括搭建棚舍收容动物。耆那教也教人宽容，不强求别人改变信仰皈依自己的门派。
English version：
Jainism
Religion of India established in the 6th century BC by Vardhamana, who was called Mahavira. Jainism's core belief is ahimsa, or noninjury to all living things. It was founded as a reaction against the Vedic religion, which required animal sacrifices. Jainism has no belief in a creator god, though there are a number of lesser deities for various aspects of life. Jains believe their religion is eternal and hold that it was revealed in stages by a number of Conquerors, of whom Mahavira was the 24th. Living as an ascetic, Mahavira preached the need for rigorous penance and self-denial as the means of perfecting human nature, escaping the cycle of rebirth, and attaining moksha, or liberation. Jains view karma as an invisible material substance that interferes with liberation and can only be dissolved through asceticism. By the end of the 1st century AD the Jains had split into two sects, each of which later developed its own canon of sacred writings: the Digambaras, who held that an adherent should own nothing, not even clothes, and that women must be reborn as men before they can attain moksha; and the more moderate Svetambaras. In keeping with their principle of reverence for life, Jains are known for their charitable works, including building shelters for animals. Jainism preaches universal tolerance and does not seek to make converts.