底比斯(Thebes)
《圣经》中名为挪亚们（No）
埃及北部着名的古城，坐落於尼罗河河岸两侧。早期的底比斯还包括卡那克和卢克索，列王山谷就位於该城附近地区。底比斯城内最早的遗迹始於西元前21世纪前後十一王朝，当时底比斯的统治者统一了埃及，并将底比斯立为其首都，一直保持到中期王国的末期（约西元前18世纪）。後该城被多位入侵者统治，此间记载不详。西元前16世纪底比斯国王重新收复埃及，并再次立底比斯为其首府。在新兴王国时期，底比斯因埃及是政治和宗教中心而兴起一时，并以雕塑和建筑物而闻名。西元前12世纪拉美西斯三世统治时期，底比斯开始衰败。西元前7世纪中期，底比斯被亚述人征服；西元前6世纪～西元前4世纪被波斯人占领，後又於西元前30年左右成为罗马人的统治范围。底比斯的遗址有大神殿和古墓，其中包括卡那克的亚蒙神神殿（约西元前20世纪）、列王山谷的图坦卡门墓陵及宏伟的拉美西斯二世和哈特谢普苏特的仪葬庙堂。
English version：
Thebes
Famed ancient city, northern Egypt, on the banks of the Nile River. In early times it also included Karnak and Luxor; the Valley of the Kings was nearby. The earliest monuments in the city itself date from the 11th dynasty, c. 21st century BC, when the rulers of Thebes united Egypt and made Thebes the capital of Upper Egypt. It remained the capital until the end of the Middle Kingdom (c. 18th century BC). It was obscured for two centuries under the rule of various foreign invaders; then the kings of Thebes restored Egyptian rule in the 16th century BC and again made it the capital. It flourished as Egypt's political and religious center throughout the New Kingdom period, well known for achievements in sculpture and architecture. It began to decline in the 12th century BC under Ramses III. It was sacked by Assyrians in the mid-7th century BC, by Persians in the 6th-4th century BC, and by Romans c. 30 BC. Its ruins include great temples and tombs, including the Temple of Amon at Karnak (c. 20th century BC), the tomb of Tutankhamen in the Valley of the Kings, and the great mortuary temples of Ramses II and Hatshepsut.