巴黎

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巴黎(Paris)

法国城市（1999年城市人口2,123,000；1990年都会区人口9,060,000）、河港和首都。跨塞纳河两岸。鲁特提亚（Lutetia）是最原始的居民点，位於塞纳河中一座岛屿，在西元前3世纪末就已存在。西元前52年罗马人夺占此地，并构筑要塞。西元1世纪时，该城已发展到塞纳河左岸。到了4世纪初，已称作巴黎。885～887年抵挡住了几次维京人的围攻，987年巴黎伯爵于格.卡佩当上国王，巴黎成为法兰西的首都。腓力二世在位期间，巴黎得到大规模的发展，国王并在1200年左右正式批准巴黎大学的成立。14～15世纪时，因为黑死病和百年战争使巴黎的发展受阻。17～18世纪城市有了进一步的改善并加以美化。1789～1799年法国大革命就是从这里开始的。拿破仑三世时，他命令塞纳省省长奥斯曼把整个城市结构现代化，并在塞纳河上搭建几座新桥。第一次世界大战结束後，这里是召开巴黎和会的地方。第二次世界大战期间遭德军占领。现为法国的金融、商业、交通运输、艺术和学术的中心。城内的许多景点包括艾菲尔铁塔、巴黎圣母院、罗浮宫博物馆、先贤祠、庞毕度中心和巴黎歌剧院，以及一些林荫大道、公园和花园。

English version：

Paris

City (pop., 1990: 2,180,000; metro. area pop., 1990: 9,060,000), river port, and capital of France., on both banks of the Seine River. Lutetia, the original settlement, on an island in the Seine, was in existence by the late 3rd century BC. It was captured and fortified by the Romans in 52 BC. During the 1st century AD the city spread to the left bank of the Seine. By the early 4th century it was known as Paris. It withstood several Viking sieges 885-87 and became the capital of France in 987, when Hugh Capet, the count of Paris, became king. The city was improved during the reign of Philip II, who formally recognized the University of Paris c. 1200. In the 14th-15th century its development was hindered by the Black Death and the Hundred Years' War. In the 17th-18th century it was improved and beautified. Leading events of the French Revolution took place there 1789-99. Napoleon III commissioned Georges Haussmann to modernize the city's infrastructure and add several new bridges over the Seine. It was the site of the Paris Peace Conference, ending World War I. During World War II it was occupied by German troops. It is now the financial, commercial, transportation, artistic, and intellectual center of France. The city's many attractions include the Eiffel Tower, Notre-Dame de Paris, the Louvre, Pantheon, Pompidou Center, and Paris Opera, as well as boulevards, public parks, and gardens.

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