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工程(engineering)

应用科学知识使自然资源最佳地为人类服务的一种专门技术。工程主要建立在物理、化学和数学的基础上，范围并扩至材料学（materials science）、固体力学（solid mechanics）和流体力学、热力学（thermodynamics）、传递过程（transfer process）和速率过程（rate process），以及系统分析（systems analysis）。工程涉及了一个专门知识的庞大体系，要具备专业的能力就需应用这种知识接受广泛的训练。工程师所利用的自然资源有两类︰材料和能源。获得使用的材料反映了其特性：强度、容易制造、轻巧或耐久性；绝缘或传导能力；以及化学、电子和声学上的性质。重要的能源包括化石燃料（煤、原油和天然气）、风、阳光、急流和核裂变。亦请参阅aerospace engineering、civil engineering、chemical engineering、genetic engineering、mechanical engineering、military engineering。

English version：

engineering

Professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to the uses of humankind. Engineering is based principally on physics, chemistry, and mathematics and their extensions into materials science, solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, transfer and rate processes, and systems analysis. A great body of special knowledge is associated with engineering; preparation for professional practice involves extensive training in the application of that knowledge. Engineers employ two types of natural resources, materials and energy. Materials acquire uses that reflect their properties: their strength, ease of fabrication, lightness, or durability; their ability to insulate or conduct; and their chemical, electrical, or acoustical properties. Important sources of energy include fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, gas), wind, sunlight, falling water, and nuclear fission. See also aerospace engineering, civil engineering, chemical engineering. genetic engineering, mechanical engineering, military engineering.

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