温度

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温度(temperature)

用几种标度中的任何一种，比如华氏、摄氏或克氏温标来表示冷热的程度。热量从较热的物体流向较冷的物体，直到二者达到相同的温度为止。温度是物体中分子的平均能量的量度，而热量是物体中总的热能的量度。例如，一杯开水的温度与一大锅开水的温度都是100℃，但大锅具有更多的热量，或者说热能。烧开一锅水比烧开一杯水需要更多的能量。最常用的温标建立在人为规定的一些固定点上。华氏温标规定水的冰点为32，水的沸点为212（在标准大气压下）。摄氏温标规定水的三相点（在该温度下固相、液相和气相三相共存，达到平衡）为0.01，水的沸点为100。克氏温标主要用於科学和工程的目的，规定零点为绝对零度，而刻度的大小与摄氏温标相同。

English version：

temperature

Measure of hotness expressed in terms of any of several arbitrary scales, such as Fahrenheit, Celsius, or Kelvin. Heat flows from a hotter body to a colder one and continues to do so until both are at the same temperature. Temperature is a measure of the average energy of the molecules of a body, whereas heat is a measure of the total amount of thermal energy in a body. For example, whereas the temperature of a cup of boiling water is the same as that of a large pot of boiling water (212°F, or 100°C), the large pot has more heat, or thermal energy, and it takes more energy to boil a pot of water than a cup of water. The most common temperature scales are based on arbitrarily defined fixed points. The Fahrenheit scale sets 32° as the freezing point of water and 212° as the boiling point of water (at standard atmospheric pressure). The Celsius scale defines the triple point of water (at which all three phases, solid, liquid, and gas, coexist in equilibrium) at 0.01° and the boiling point at 100°. The Kelvin scale, used primarily for scientific and engineering purposes, sets the zero point at absolute zero and uses a degree the same size as those of the Celsius scale.

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