兰波(1854～1891年)
Rimbaud, (Jean-Nicolas-)Arthur
法国诗人和冒险家。他是一名上尉的儿子，在十六岁时开始写作暴力的、亵渎神明的诗歌，并创立了一种美学的教义，认为诗人必须成为一名预言家，应该打破束缚、控制人格以成为永恒的代言人。他受魏伦邀请来到巴黎，同其建立了同性恋关系并开始了放纵的生活。在其最优秀的诗歌《醉舟》（写於1871年）中展现了他的口头艺术鉴别能力和对形象和比喻的大胆取材。在其散文诗选集《灵光篇》（写於1872～1874）中，试图打破现实同虚幻之间的界线。其散文同歌词交替的《在地狱中的一季》（1873）成为他十九岁时告别诗歌的作品。在一次争吵之後，魏伦开枪打伤兰波，後来又在一次激烈争吵中结束了他们的关系。兰波放弃了文学，并在1875年起开始当商人在世界各地游荡，主要是在衣索比亚。他在三十七岁因截肢而去世。在他诗歌中的酒神精神和从形式中解放出来的语言极大地影响了後来的象徵主义运动以及20世纪的诗歌创作。
English version：
1854～1891年
Rimbaud, (Jean-Nicolas-)Arthur
French poet and adventurer. The provincial son of an army captain, he had begun by age 16 to write violent, blasphemous poems, and he formulated an aesthetic doctrine stating that a poet must become a seer, break down the restraints and controls on personality, and thus become the instrument for the voice of the eternal. He was invited to Paris by Paul Verlaine, with whom he entered a homosexual relationship and engaged in a wild and dissipated life. The Drunken Boat (written 1871), perhaps his finest poem, displays his astonishing verbal virtuosity and a daring choice of images and metaphors. In Les illuminations (written 1872-74), a collection of mainly prose poems, he tried to abolish the distinction between reality and hallucination. A Season in Hell (1873), which alternates prose passages with dazzling lyrics, became his farewell to poetry at age 19. After a falling-out, Verlaine shot and wounded Rimbaud; later their final meeting ended in a violent quarrel. Rimbaud abandoned literature and from 1875 led an international vagabond life as a merchant and trader, mainly in Ethiopia; he died after his leg was amputated at 37. The Dionysian power of his verse and his liberation of language from the constraints of form greatly influenced the Symbolist movement and 20th-century poetry.