吉卜林(1865～1936年)
Kipling, (Joseph) Rudyard
英国短篇小说作家、诗人、小说家。生於印度，博物馆馆长之子，他在英国长大但又回到印度担任新闻工作者。他很快的因几本故事集成名，首先是《山中的平凡故事》（1888；包括了「将成为国王的人」和後来的诗集《军营歌谣》（1892；包括了「贡嘎丁」和「曼德勒」）。在美国居住期间，他出版了《消失的光芒》（1890）；两本《丛林故事》（1984和1985），关於印度丛林中长大的野蛮男孩毛格利的故事，被认为是儿童读物的经典着作；冒险故事《勇敢的船长们》（1897）；和《吉姆》（1901），这是有关印度的最佳小说之一。他另外还写了六本短篇故事集和其他诗集。他的儿童读物还包括了着名的《原来如此的故事》（1902）和童话故事集《普克山的帕克》（1906）。《斯托基公司》（1899）书中将他在寄宿学校读书的情形都写进去。他的诗歌常有强烈的韵律，大部分是故事性的歌谣。吉卜林於1907年获诺贝尔文学奖。因在第一次世界大战时他被普遍视为帝国主义侵略分子，战後他作为严肃作家的名声衰落。
English version：
1865～1936年
Kipling, (Joseph) Rudyard
British novelist, short-story writer, and poet. Born in India, the son of a museum curator, he was reared in England but returned to India as a journalist. He soon became famous for volumes of stories, beginning with Plain Tales from the Hills (1888; including “The Man Who Would Be King”), and later for the poetry collection Barrack-Room Ballads (1892; including “Gunga Din” and “Mandalay”). During a residence in the U.S., he published The Light That Failed (1890); the two Jungle Books (1894, 1895), stories of the wild boy Mowgli in the Indian jungle that have become children's classics; the adventure story Captains Courageous (1897); and Kim (1901), one of the great novels of India. He wrote six other volumes of short stories and several other verse collections. His children's books include the famous Just So Stories (1902) and the fairy-tale collection Puck of Pook's Hill (1906). Stalky & Co. (1899) is a fictionalized account of his boarding-school education. His poems, often strongly rhythmic, are frequently narrative ballads. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1907. His extraordinary popularity in his own time declined as his reputation suffered after World War I because of his widespread image as a jingoistic imperialist.