奥克拉荷马(Oklahoma)
美国中南部偏西一州。是最古老的州之一，发现有15,000～10,000年前的克洛维斯（Clovis）文化和弗尔萨姆（Folsom）文化遗迹。直到1541年科罗纳多（F. V. de Coronado）远征的时候，这一地区至少包括三个印第安大语族。後被西班牙人统治，直至1800年落入法国人手中为止。1803年根据「路易斯安那购地」协议归美国所有，1828年美国国会将该区设为印第安保留区。1907年印第安准州剩余的地区和奥克拉荷马准州（1890年设立）合并成为奥克拉荷马州，加入联邦成为第46州。从一些印第安人和牛仔的博物馆展示，可看出该州的文化传统。该州包含了美国的三大自然地理区：内陆高原在东部；沿海平原在南部，通过德州伸向墨西哥湾；其余为内陆平原，包括中央低地和大平原。主要河流为阿肯色河和红河。最高点是位於潘汉德尔（Panhandle）的布拉克台地（1,516公尺）。养牛业和农业是该州的重要经济活动，主要矿产有石油、天然气、煤和石材等。从土耳沙到墨西哥湾有一条通过阿肯色河上的水闸和水坝的驳船运输线。首府奥克拉荷马城。面积181,185平方公里。人口约3,450,654（2000）。
English version：
Oklahoma
State (pop., 1997 est.: 3,317,000), U.S., southwestern central region. It covers 69,956 sq mi (181,186 sq km); its capital is Oklahoma City. The Red River forms its southern boundary; the Arkansas River flows across northeastern Oklahoma. Its highest point is Black Mesa (4,973 ft, or 1,516 m), located in the Panhandle. Evidence of inhabitation by the Clovis and Folsom cultures, 15,000-10,000 years ago, has been found. In more modern times, until the expedition of Francisco Vazquez de Coronado in 1541, the area was home to representatives of at least three major Indian language groups. Spanish control of the area lasted until 1800, when it passed to the French. In 1803 the area became part of the U.S. with the Louisiana Purchase. In 1828 the U.S. Congress reserved Oklahoma for settlement by Indians, and it became known as Indian Territory. In 1890 the western part was organized as Oklahoma Territory. The two were merged and admitted to the union as the 46th state in 1907. Cattle raising and farming are the mainstays of the economy. Mineral products include natural gas, petroleum, coal, and stone. The state's heritage is reflected in Indian and cowboy museums. A barge system links the state's second major city, Tulsa, to the Gulf of Mexico.