多哥(Togo)
正式名称多哥共和国（Republic of Togo）
非洲西部共和国。面积56,785平方公里。人口约5,153,000（2001）。首都︰洛梅。全国约有三十多个种族；其中以埃维人为最大的一族。语言︰法语（官方语）、维埃语及其他种族的语言。宗教︰传统宗教、基督教和伊斯兰教。货币︰非洲金融共同体法郎（CFAF）。多哥占据几内亚湾沿岸一块长545公里，宽113公里狭长地区，其地形有多沼泽的沿海平原，北部草原和中部山地。发展中的经济大部分是以农业为基础，主要作物有棉花、咖啡、可可、木薯和椰仁乾。为世界重要磷酸盐产国之一，水泥和炼油亦重要。政府形式为共和国，一院制。国家元首是总统，政府首脑为总理。
1884年前，现在的多哥是阿善提帝国和达荷美这两个黑非洲军事国家之间的中间缓冲地带，它的不同民族群一般都是彼此隔离着生活。1884年它成为多哥兰德国保护地的一部分，1914年该保护地被英国和法国军队占领。1922年国际联盟指定将多哥兰东部归於法国，西部归於英国。1946年英国和法国政府将这些领地置於联合国的托管下。十年後，英属多哥兰合并到黄金海岸，法属多哥兰成为法兰西联邦的一个自治共和国。1960年多哥获得独立。1967～1980年间它中止了宪法。1992年通过了一部多党的宪法，但政治仍然处於不稳定状态中。
English version：
Togo
Republic, western Africa. Area: 21,925 sq mi (56,785 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 4,736,000. Capital: Lome. It has some 30 ethnic groups; the Ewe are the largest. Languages: French (official), Ewe, other ethnic languages. Religions: animism, Christianity, Islam. Currency: CFA franc. Togo occupies a strip of land about 70 mi (113 km) wide that extends about 340 mi (545 km) inland from the Gulf of Guinea. Regions include a swampy coastal plain, a northern savanna, and a central mountain range. The developing economy is based largely on agriculture. Chief crops are cotton, coffee, cocoa, cassava, and copra. It is one of the world's leading producers of phosphates. Cement and petroleum refining are also important. It is a republic with one legislative house; its chief of state is the president, supported by the military, and the head of government is the prime minister. Until 1884 what is now Togo was an intermediate zone between the black African military states of Ashanti and Dahomey, and its various ethnic groups lived in general isolation from each other. In 1884 it became part of the Togoland German protectorate, which was occupied by British and French forces in 1914. In 1922 the League of Nations assigned eastern Togoland to France and the western portion to Britain. In 1946 the British and French governments placed the territories under U.N. trusteeship. Ten years later British Togoland was incorporated into the Gold Coast and French Togoland became an autonomous republic within the French Union. Togo gained independence in 1960. It suspended its constitution 1967-80. A multiparty constitution was approved in 1992, but the political situation remained unstable.