达赖喇嘛(Dalai Lama)
藏传佛教中居主导地位的格鲁派之领袖。达赖喇嘛世系中的第一代是根敦主巴（Dge-'dun-grub-pb）（1391～1475年），他在西藏中部创建一间寺院。他的继承者被视为是他的轮回转世，因此如他一般，皆为菩萨、观世音之现身。该教派第二代的领袖在拉萨附近建立了布拉斯邦僧院（brasspungs monastery）作为其基地，第三代则从阿勒坦汗接受达赖（意为海洋）的头衔。第五代，阿旺.罗桑嘉措（Ngag-dbang-rgya-mtsho）（1617～1682年），奠立格鲁派超越其他教派的优越地位。第十三代的达赖喇嘛，土登嘉措（Thub-bstan-rgya-mtsho）（1875～1933年），在中国人於1912年被逐出西藏後，掌握世俗与宗教上的权力。第十四代，即现任的达赖喇嘛，丹增嘉措（Bstan-'dzin-rgya-mtsho）（生於1935年），於1940年即位。中国从1950年起占领西藏，丹增嘉措在反抗中国的叛乱失败後，於1959年率领十万名追随者，逃出西藏。他的流亡政府位於印度的达兰萨拉（Dharmsala）。达赖喇嘛身为广受世界崇敬的人物，於1989年获颁诺贝尔和平奖，表彰他以非暴力运动来终结中国对西藏的支配。
English version：
Dalai Lama
Head of the dominant Dge-lugs-pa order of Tibetan Buddhism. The first of the line was Dge-'dun-grub-pa (1391-1475), founder of a monastery in central Tibet. His successors were regarded as his reincarnations and, like himself, manifestations of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara. The second head of the order established the 'Brasspungs monastery near Lhasa as its base, and the third received the title Dalai (“Ocean”) from Altan Khan. The fifth, Ngag-dbang-rgya-mtsho (1617-1682), established the supremacy of the Dge-lugs-pa over other orders. The 13th Dalai Lama, Thub-bstan-rgya-mtso (1875-1933), held temporal and spiritual power after the Chinese were expelled in 1912. The 14th and current Dalai Lama, Bstan-'dzin-rgya-mtsho (born 1935) was enthroned in 1940 but fled in 1959 with 100,000 followers after a failed revolt against the Chinese, who had occupied Tibet since 1950. His government-in-exile is in Dharmsala, India. A revered figure worldwide, he was awarded the 1989 Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his nonviolent campaign to end Chinese domination of Tibet.