电池

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电池(battery)

将化学能转换成电能的一类器件，由一组电子元件组成。湿电池（如汽车电池）中有自由流动的液态电解质；乾电池（如手电筒电池）内的电解质被控制在吸收性材料中。配置好的化学物质，电池的负电极就能释放电子，流过（参阅electric current）电池的外电路（在以电池为电源的装置中）而到达正电极。电压取决於所用的化学物质以及串联的电池数；电流取决於总电路的电阻（包括电池的电阻，取决於电极的大小）。多个电池可以串联（一个电池的正极连到下一个电池的负极），以增加总电压；或者也可以并联（正极连正极，负极连负极），以增加总电流。手电筒用的标准乾电池以及在海上、矿井、公路和军事上用的某些湿电池是不能再充电的；汽车电池和无线装置中用的乾电池，以及某些军用和飞行器用的电池是可以反覆充电的。

English version：

battery

Any of a class of devices, consisting of a group of electric cells, that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. A wet cell (e.g., a car battery) contains free liquid electrolyte; in a dry cell (e.g., a flashlight battery), the electrolyte is held in an absorbent material. Chemicals are arranged so that electrons released from the battery's negative electrode flow (see electric current) through a circuit outside the battery (in the device powered by it) to the positive electrode. The voltage depends on the chemicals used and the number of cells (in series); the current depends on the resistance in the total circuit (including the battery—and thus on electrode size). Multiple batteries may be connected in series (the positive electrode of one to the negative electrode of the next), increasing total voltage, or in parallel (positive to positive and negative to negative), increasing total current. Standard dry cells used in flashlights and certain wet cells for marine, mine, highway, and military use are not rechargeable; car batteries, many dry cells used in cordless appliances, and batteries for certain military and aerospace uses may be recharged repeatedly.

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