钓鱼_综合百科_百问中文

钓鱼(fishing)，亦作sport fishing。

一种捕鱼的娱乐活动，基本工具有鱼竿、线和鱼钩。钓鱼是人类最早的一种捕鱼方法。17世纪晚期18世纪初期，人们发明了一种金属圈或环，套在鱼竿的一端，使钓线成为活动的，可把鱼钩甩到更远处。整个20世纪鱼具发展很快，鱼竿越变越短越轻，但力量不变，由木制发展成玻璃纤维制；线圈变得又轻又结实，固定件加多；鱼线由马尾发展到尼龙单丝线。今日钓鱼的方法包括了︰饵钓法（淡水钓鱼），将饵附在鱼钩上，放至水底或任何深度，饵有多种；如将饵系在鱼线底部，无浮标，只凭手感觉鱼是否上钩，此法称为底饵法。浮标法一般用於深水钓鱼。曳绳钓法是把活鱼、死鱼或其他饵物附在鱼具上，在缓缓行驶的小船的拖曳下，饵物不断翻转。投饵法或称旋饵法，是将天然饵物或人工饵物投在水中而使之不断翻转，状如受伤或病弱的鱼，食肉类鱼往往受其引诱而上钩。此外还有利用天然的蝇、其他昆虫或人工蝇状饵物的蝇饵法。咸水钓鱼也可以使用上述种种方法。

English version：

fishing

Sport of catching fish, freshwater or saltwater, typically with rod, line, and hook. Fishing is as old as the human ability to use tools to capture prey. The first significant modern innovations, including use of a reel, a rod with line guides, and a hook with an offset point, came in the late 17th and early 18th century. Horsehair was used as line until the mid-19th cent, when it was replaced by textile materials, in turn replaced in the 1930s by nylon. Wood and bamboo rods yielded to rods of fiberglass and other synthetic materials. Forms of sport fishing practiced today include fly fishing (freshwater), in which a fly-like hook is repeatedly cast upon the water surface to attract biting fish; bait fishing (fresh- and saltwater), in which live or artificial bait is set or drawn below the surface; and big-game fishing (saltwater), in which heavy-duty tackle is used to land large marine species (including tuna, marlin, and swordfish) from a motorized boat.

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