生产管理_综合百科

生产管理(production management)，亦称作业管理（operations management）。

为了使工业生产过程能以规定水准顺利进行而作的计画与控制，其技巧同时被运用在服务业和制造业。生产管理的职责常归类为5M：人（men）、机械（machines）、方法（methods）、物料（materials）及金钱（money）。经理必须敏捷地择取公司的新配备与计画，维持生产过程的弹性与工人配合能力。生产经理对物料的职责包括物质（原料）与资讯（文书业务）两方面的流程管理，其他的职责涉及了金钱，以及库存控制，这是最重要的。库存包括原料、组件、正在加工品、成品、包装与綑紮材料及一般现货等。生产周期需要销售、财务、工程和计画部门密切地交换资讯（如销售预测、库存量和预算），直到生产管理部门迅速下达详细的生产指令为止。经理也必须监控运作过程，以确保生产达到计画产量的水准，同时符合成本和品质的目标要求。

English version：

production management

Planning and control of industrial production processes to ensure smooth and efficient operation. Production-management techniques are used in service industries as well as manufacturing. Production-management responsibilities include the traditional “five M's”: men (and women), machines, methods, materials, and money. Managers are expected to maintain a flexible production process with a workforce that can readily adapt to new equipment and schedules. They may use industrial-engineering methods, such as time-study measurements, to design efficient work methods. They are responsible for managing both physical (raw) materials and information materials (paperwork). Of their duties involving money, inventory control is the most important. They must track component parts, work in process, finished goods, packaging materials, and general supplies. The production cycle requires that sales, financial, engineering, and planning departments exchange information—such as sales forecasts, inventory levels, and budgets—until detailed production orders are dispatched by a production-control division. Managers must also monitor operations to ensure that they produce at planned output levels while meeting cost and quality objectives.

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