穆罕默德(570年～632年)
Muhammad，亦作Mohammed。
阿拉伯先知，他建立了伊斯兰教。生於麦加，是统治部落的商人之子，六岁时成为孤儿。他娶了富有的寡妇赫蒂彻为妻，并与她抚养了六名子女，包括女儿法蒂玛。根据传说，610年天使加百列来访，告知穆罕默德，他就是上帝（阿拉）的使者。这次启示和教化（记录於《可兰经》）是伊斯兰教的基础。约613年他开始公开传道，鼓励富人救济穷人，并要求捣毁偶像。他获得了信徒，但也招来敌人，他们计画杀害穆罕默德，使他被迫逃离麦加，622年来到麦地那。这次逃亡称为希吉拉，标示着伊斯兰时代的肇始。624年穆罕默德的追随者打败了一支麦加军队，而625年他们战败，但627年击退了麦加对麦地那的围攻。629年他控制了麦加，到630年已经掌握整个阿拉伯半岛。632年他最後一次旅行到麦加，建立了朝圣的仪式。同年较晚时穆罕默德逝世，葬於麦地那。他的生活、教化、奇蹟此後成为伊斯兰教奉献和思考的题材。
English version：
570年～632年
Muhammad
Arab prophet who established the religion of Islam. He was born in Mecca, the son of a merchant of the ruling tribe, and was orphaned at 6. He married a rich widow, Khadijah, with whom he had six children, including Fa'timah, a daughter. According to tradition, in 610 he was visited by the angel Gabriel, who informed Muhammad that he was the messenger of God (Allah). His revelations and teachings, recorded in the Quran, are the basis of Islam. He began to preach publicly c. 613, urging the rich to give to the poor and calling for the destruction of idols. He gained disciples but also acquired enemies, whose plan to murder Muhammad forced him to flee Mecca for Medina in 622. This flight, known as the Hegira, marks the beginning of the Islamic era. Muhammad's followers defeated a Meccan force in 624; they suffered reverses in 625 but repelled a Meccan siege of Medina in 627. He won control of Mecca by 629 and of all Arabia by 630. He made his last journey to Mecca in 632, establishing the rites of the hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca. He died later that year and was buried at Medina. His life, teachings, and miracles have been the subjects of Muslim devotion and reflection ever since.