康丁斯基(1866～1944年)
Kandinsky, Vasily (Vasilievich)
俄罗斯画家，现代纯抽象绘画创始人之一。原本学习法律，在大学任法律教授，後来毅然选择绘画生涯，远赴德国。在慕尼黑时期研习艺术後，稍有成就，这时期最重要的作品是一系列《构图、即兴曲和印象》（1909～1944）画作。1911年他和马尔克共创一个颇具影响力的「蓝骑士」社团。1914年返回俄国。布尔什维克革命後，他被苏维埃政府捧为名人，但在1921年政府舍弃抽象派作风朝向社会主义的写实主义时，他又回到德国。1921～1933年在威玛的包浩斯学校任教，後来在纳粹关闭包浩斯时移居巴黎。在这些年间，康丁斯基的作品从流畅、有系统的形式演变为几何形式，最後变成象形符号形式。晚期的巴黎作品似乎把在慕尼黑时期的系统风格结合进包浩斯时期的几何风格中。着作《论艺术中的精神因素》（1912）解释了他对表现形式和色彩的理论，其中他还用声音的特质来比拟色彩，如将黄色比作尘世上的号角声，将蓝色比作天空里的管风琴声。他对20世纪艺术的影响十分深厚。
English version：
1866～1944年
Kandinsky, Vasily (Vasilievich)
Russian painter, a pioneer of pure abstraction in modern painting. Trained in the law and offered a law professorship, he chose painting instead and set out for Germany. After art studies in Munich, he achieved moderate success, most importantly with his series of Compositions, Improvisations, and Impressions (1909-14). In 1911 he and Franz Marc founded the influential Blaue Reiter group. In 1914 he returned to Russia. After the Bolshevik revolution he was lionized by the Soviet government, but in 1921, when the government abandoned abstraction for Socialist Realism, he returned to Germany. He taught at the Bauhaus in Weimar 1921-33, then emigrated to Paris when the Nazis closed the Bauhaus. Through the years, Kandinsky's work evolved from fluid organic forms to geometric and finally pictographic forms. His late Paris works seem to synthesize the organic manner of the Munich period with the geometric manner of the Bauhaus period. His book Concerning the Spiritual in Art (1912) explains his theories on the expressiveness of forms and color, which he likened to qualities of sound (e.g., comparing yellow to a blaring trumpet, and blue to a pipe organ). His influence on 20th-century art was profound.