普希金(1799～1837年)
Pushkin, Aleksandr (Sergeyevich)
俄罗斯作家。出身贵族世家，在柴斯科耶塞罗的皇家学院（後改名普希金学院）读书期间，就开始了文学创作。第一部主要作品是浪漫主义诗歌《卢斯兰与鲁密拉》（1820）。後来写了很多政治诗和警句诗，开始与革命运动发生关系，在1825年的十二月党叛变中达到高峰。暴动失败被流放到外省期间，他写了一组浪漫主义叙事诗，并确立了他成为当时俄国主要诗人和1820年代浪漫主义文学的领导人地位。他还写了重要的历史悲剧《鲍里斯.戈都诺夫》（1831）以及他的代表作，即叙事体小说《叶莆盖尼.奥涅金》（1833）。1826年尼古拉一世允许他返回莫斯科，普希金放弃了他的革命情感，致力於诸如《铜骑兵》（1837）等诗歌中对彼得大帝人物的塑造。这一时期的其他作品包括经典短篇小说《蜘蛛女皇》（1834年）、戏剧《石头客人》（1839年）等。普希金晚期作品多以农民叛乱为基调。他一直是朝廷圈内怀疑的对象，三十七岁时死於一场迫不得已的决斗。他通常被推崇为俄国最伟大的诗人、俄国现代文学的奠基人。
English version：
1799～1837年
Pushkin, Aleksandr (Sergeyevich)
Russian writer. Born into an aristocratic family, Pushkin began his literary career while still a student at the Imperial Lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo (later renamed Pushkin). His first major work was the romantic poem Ruslan and Ludmila (1820). With his political verses and epigrams, he became associated with a revolutionary movement that culminated in the unsuccessful Decembrist revolt of 1825. Banished to several provincial locations, he produced a cycle of romantic narrative poems that confirmed him as the leading Russian poet of the day and the leader of the Romantic generation of the 1820s. He also worked on his important historical tragedy, Boris Godunov (1831), and his central masterpiece, the novel in verse Eugene Onegin (1833). After Nicholas I allowed him to return to Moscow in 1826, Pushkin abandoned his revolutionary sentiments, turning to the figure of Peter the Great in poems such as The Bronze Horseman (1837). Other works from this period include the classic short story “The Queen of Spades” (1834) and the drama The Stone Guest (1839). In his late works the motif of peasant rebellion is prominent. The object of suspicion in court circles, he died at 37 after being forced into a duel. He is often considered his country's greatest poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.