拉塞福(1871～1937年)
Rutherford, Ernest
受封为拉塞福男爵（Baron Rutherford）
纽西兰裔英国物理学家。就读於坎特伯里学院後，搬往英国，就读於剑桥大学，并在那里与汤姆生在加文狄希实验室一同工作。自1919年开始任加文狄希实验室主席前，曾在蒙特娄的麦吉尔大学（1898～1907）和曼彻斯特的维多利亚大学（1907～1919）任教。1895～1897年间的实验过程中，他发现了两种射线形式，并为之命名，即α衰变和β衰变。之後证明α粒子实质上是氦原子，并将其使用於发现原子核的过程中。1902年与苏第得出放射性转换过程理论的结论。1919年成为使元素人工蜕变的第一人，1920年假设了中子的存在。其成就对了解放射性元素的蜕变有很大的影响，并成为20世纪大多数物理学的基础。1908年获诺贝尔奖。1914年受封为爵士，1931年成为贵族。为纪念拉塞福，因此以他的名字将第104个化学元素命名为鑪。
English version：
1871～1937年
Rutherford, Ernest
New Zealand-British physicist. After studies at Canterbury College, he moved to Britain to attend Cambridge Univ., where he worked with J. J. Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory. He would later teach at McGill University in Montreal (1898-1907) and Victoria University in Manchester (1907-19), before becoming chair of the Cavendish Laboratory (from 1919). At the laboratory in the years 1895-97 he discovered and named two types of radioactivity, alpha decay and beta decay. He later identified the alpha particle as a helium nucleus, and used it in his discovery of the atomic nucleus. With Frederick Soddy he formulated the transformation theory of radioactivity (1902). In 1919 he became the first person to artificially disintegrate an element, and in 1920 he hypothesized the existence of the neutron. His work contributed greatly to understanding the disintegration and transmutation of radioactive elements and became fundamental to much of 20th-century physics. In 1908 he was awarded the Nobel Prize. He was knighted in 1914 and ennobled in 1931. Element 104, rutherfordium, is named in his honor.