[Æ´Òô]£ºchongzhenghua
[ÍâÎÄ]£ºrenormalization
¿Ë·þÁ¿×Ó³¡ÂÛÖгöÏֵķ¢É¢À§ÄÑ£¬´Ó¶øʹ΢ÈÅÂÛ¼ÆËãºÏÀí»¯µÄÒ»ÖÖÀíÂÛ·½·¨¡£ÔÚ½øÐÐÁ¿×Ó³¡ÂÛµÄ΢ÈÅÂÛ¼ÆËãʱ£¬Èç¹ûÉæ¼°¸ß´Î½üËÆ£¬ÓÐȦͼ³öÏÖ£¬¾Í»áµÃµ½ÆäֵΪÎÞÇî´óµÄ·¢É¢»ý·Ö£¬Ê¹µÃÀíÂÛ¼ÆËãÎÞ´ÓÓëʵÑéÏà¶Ô±È£¬Õâ¾Í½Ð·¢É¢À§ÄÑ¡£ÖØÕý»¯µÄÄ¿µÄÔòÊÇÓÃÒ»¶¨µÄ²½Öè°Ñ΢ÈÅÂÛ»ý·ÖÖгöÏֵķ¢É¢£¨ÎÞÇî´ó£©·ÖÀë³öÀ´£¬²¢ÎüÊÕµ½Ï໥×÷ÓÃñîºÏ³£ÊýÒÔ¼°Á£×ÓµÄÖÊÁ¿ÖÐÈ¥£¬Í¨¹ýÖØж¨ÒåÏ໥×÷ÓÃñîºÏ³£ÊýºÍÁ£×ÓµÄÖÊÁ¿£¬À´»ñµÃ²»·¢É¢µÄS¾ØÕóÔª(¼ûS ¾ØÕó)£¬Ê¹¼ÆËã½á¹û¿ÉÓëʵÑéÏà¶Ô±È¡£ËùÒÔ£¬Î¢ÈÅÂÛ¼ÆËãµÄÖÐÐÄÎÊÌâÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊÇÈçºÎ½øÐÐÖØÕý»¯¡£
Á¿×ӵ綯Á¦Ñ§µÄ³É¹¦ÊÇÓëËüµÄÖØÕý»¯µÄ³É¹¦·Ö²»¿ªµÄ¡£°´ÕÕÖØÕý±ÈµÄ°ì·¨£¬¼ÆËã³öÀ´µÄµç×Ó·´³£´Å¾Ø(¼ûÁ£×Ӵžء¢¦Ì×Ӻ͵ç×ӻشűÈ)ºÍÀ¼Ä·ÒÆλͬʵÑéÖµ·ûºÏ¼«ºÃ¡£ÕýÊÇÓÉÓÚÓÐÁËÖØÕý»¯·½·¨£¬Á¿×ӵ綯Á¦Ñ§·½²Å³ÉÁËÒ»Ãŷdz£¾«È·µÄÀíÂÛ¡£
ÔÚ70Äê´úÒÔÇ°£¬ÈËÃÇÖªµÀµÄ¿ÉÒÔÖØÕý»¯µÄ¶¨ÓòÁ¿×Ó³¡ÂÛ³ýÁ¿×ӵ綯Á¦Ñ§Í⣬»¹ÓÐØͱê½é×ÓÓëºË×ÓÏ໥×÷ÓÃÀíÂÛ£¬±êÁ¿½é×ÓÓëºË×ÓÏ໥×÷ÓÃÀíÂÛ£¬Áã×ÔÐý²£É«×ӵĵ綯Á¦Ñ§£¬ÖÐÐÔʸÁ¿²£É«×Ó£¨ÓÐʱ³ÆÖعâ×Ó£©ÓëÊغãµÄ‹t/2×ÔÐý·ÑÃÜ×ÓÁ÷ñîºÏµÄÀíÂÛ£¬ÎÞ¾²Ö¹ÖÊÁ¿µÄÑî-Ãܶú˹³¡£¨¼û¹æ·¶³¡£©µÄÀíÂÛ¡£µ«ÄÇʱ»¹²»ÖªµÀÈçºÎ¶ÔÓо²Ö¹ÖÊÁ¿µÄÑî£Ãܶú˹³¡ÀíÂÛÒÔ¼°´øµçºÉµÄ¹æ·¶³¡Á£×ӵĵç´ÅÏ໥×÷ÓÃÀíÂÛ½øÐÐÖØÕý»¯¡£
70Äê´ú³õ£¬G.»ô·òÌØ(1971)¡¢M.ά¶ûÌØÂüÓë»ô·òÌغÏ×÷(1972)¡¢B.W.ÀîºÍJ.½ò¶÷£Öì˹̹(1972)µÄһϵÁй¤×÷£¬ËµÃ÷ÁËÑî-Ãܶú˹³¡Èç¹ûÔÚºÚ¸ñ˹»úÖÆÏ»ñµÃ¾²Ö¹ÖÊÁ¿£¬ÔòÕû¸öÀíÂÛ£¨ÀíÂÛÖл¹¿É°üÀ¨ÓëºÚ¸ñ˹³¡ñîºÏ¶ø»ñµÃ¾²Ö¹ÖÊÁ¿µÄ·ÑÃܳ¡£©ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÖØÕý»¯µÄ¡£ÆäÖÐÑî£Ãܶú˹³¡»¹¿ÉÒÔÍƹ㵽¸üÒ»°ãµÄ¹æ·¶³¡¡£
ÓÉÓÚÕâÒ»·¢ÏÖ£¬S.L.¸ñÀФ¡¢S.β®¸ñºÍA.ÈøÀÄ·Ôڹ淶³¡ÀíÂÛÇ°ÌáÏÂÌá³öµÄµçÈõͳһÀíÂÛÖÕÓÚ³ÉΪһ¸ö¿ÉÒÔÖØÕý»¯µÄ¹ØÓÚÈõÏ໥×÷Óú͵ç´ÅÏ໥×÷ÓõÄͳһÀíÂÛ¡£Õâ¸öÀíÂÛËùÔ¤ÑԵĴ«µÝÈõÏ໥×÷ÓõÄÁ£×Ó W+¡¢W-ºÍZ0£¬¶¼ÒÑÓÚ1983Äê±»ÕÒµ½¡£
ÔÚÕâЩ³É¹¦µÄÍƶ¯Ï£¬ÈËÃÇÓÖÈÏʶµ½Ç¿Ï໥×÷ÓÿÉÄÜÒ²ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÓɹ淶³¡´«µÝµÄÏ໥×÷Óã¬Òò¶øÌá³öÁËÁ¿×ÓÉ«¶¯Á¦Ñ§(QCD)ÀíÂÛ£¬Õâ¸öÀíÂÛÔÚÏ൱´óµÄ³Ì¶ÈÉÏÓë¸ßÄÜÎïÀíʵÑé½á¹ûÏà·û£¬¶øÇÒÒ²ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÖØÕý»¯µÄ¡£ÕâÔÚÇ¿Ï໥×÷ÓõÄÑо¿ÖÐÊÇÒ»¸ö´´¾Ù¡£
ÈËÃÇÒ²³¢ÊÔ×ÅÔÚÁ¿×ӹ淶ÀíÂÛµÄÇ°ÌáÏ°ÑÈõÏ໥×÷Óᢵç´ÅÏ໥×÷ÓúÍÇ¿Ï໥×÷ÓÃͳһÆðÀ´£¨¼û´óͳһÀíÂÛ£©£¬µ«ÆäÖл¹Óв»ÉÙÎÊÌâÓдý³ÎÇå¡£
Á¿×Ó»¯µÄ¶¨ÓòµÄÒýÁ¦ÀíÂÛµÄÏû³ý·¢É¢ºÍÖØÕý»¯£¬ÊÇÒ»¸ö»¹Ã»Óнâ¾öµÄÎÊÌâ¡£
ʵÏÖÖØÕý»¯Ðè½øÐÐÕý³£»¯ºÍ·ÖÀë½»²øÎÞÇî´ó¡£
Õý³£»¯ÊÇÓðüº¬¿Éµ÷½Ú²ÎÁ¿µÄ²»·¢É¢»ý·ÖÈ¡´ú·¢É¢»ý·Ö£¬µ±¿Éµ÷½Ú²ÎÁ¿Ç÷ÓÚij¸ö¼«ÏÞʱ£¬Õâ¸ö²»·¢É¢»ý·Ö¾Í»¹ÔΪÔÀ´µÄ·¢É¢»ý·Ö¡£²»·¢É¢»ý·ÖÓÖ·ÖΪÁ½²¿·Ö£¬µ±¿Éµ÷½Ú²ÎÁ¿Ç÷ÓÚÉÏÊö¼«ÏÞʱ£¬Ò»²¿·ÖÈÔ±£³Ö²»·¢É¢£¬ÁíÒ»²¿·ÖÇ÷ÓÚ·¢É¢£¬´Ó¶ø°ÑS ¾ØÕóÔªÖеķ¢É¢²¿·ÖºÍ²»·¢É¢²¿·Ö·ÖÀ뿪À´¡£ÔÚÕý³£»¯Ê±ÒªÇ󣻢ÙÑ¡¶¨Ò»¸öÒÔÖÁÒ»ÀàÈ·¶¨µÄ·ÖÀ뷽ʽ£¬°ÑÓÐÏÞ²¿·Ö·ÖÀë³öÀ´£»
£¨2£©±£³ÖÎïÀíÌåϵµÄ¶Ô³ÆÐÔ£»
£¨3£©ÔÏȲ»·¢É¢µÄ»ý·ÖÔÚÕý³£»¯ºó²»¸Ä±ä¡£³£ÓõÄÕý³£»¯·½·¨ÓУºÈ¡ÖÊÁ¿MΪ¿Éµ÷½Ú²ÎÁ¿µÄ·ÑÒòÂü·¨(1948)£»È¡Èô¸É¸öÖÊÁ¿MiΪ¿Éµ÷½Ú²ÎÁ¿µÄÅÝÀû-άÀ˹·¨(1949);È¡¿Õ¼ä¡¢Ê±¼äµÄάÊýnΪ¿Éµ÷½Ú²ÎÁ¿µÄάÊýÕý³£»¯»ô·òÌأά¶ûÌØÂü·¨(1972)¡£ÆäÖÐάÊýÕý³£»¯·¨ÄÜÂú×ã±£³Ö¹æ·¶²»±äÐÔµÄÒªÇó£¨ÓÐrs·´³£Ê±³ýÍ⣩£¬Ä¿Ç°¿É³ÆΪ×î¼Ñ·½·¨¡£
Ö»ÓÐÕý³£»¯·½·¨£¬¶øûÓкϺõÂß¼µÄ´¦Àí½»²øÎÞÇî´óµÄ·½·¨£¬ÈÔ²»ÄÜʵÏÖÖØÕý»¯¡£ÒÔÁ¿×ӵ綯Á¦Ñ§ÎªÀý£¬´Ó·ÑÒòÂüͼ¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬ÓÐЩͼֻÓÐÒ»¸öȦ£¬Èçͼ1¡£Óëͼ¶ÔÓ¦µÄ·ÑÒòÂü»ý·ÖËäÈ»¶¼ÊÇ·¢É¢µÄ£¬µ«·¢É¢ÏîµÄ·ÖÀ뻹±È½Ï¼òµ¥£»ËäÈ»ÓÐЩͼÓй²ÏßµÄÏàÁÚµÄȦ£¬Èçͼ2¡£Óë¸÷¸öÏàÁÚȦ¶ÔÓ¦µÄ·ÑÒòÂü»ý·Ö¶¼ÊÇ·¢É¢µÄ¡£ÕâÖÖͼÐεķ¢É¢³ÆΪ½»²ø·¢É¢»ò½»²øÎÞÇî´ó¡£·ÖÀë½»²øÎÞÇî´óµÄ¹ý³Ì±È½Ï¸´ÔÓ£¬·½·¨²»Ö¹Ò»ÖÖ£¬²ã´Î·ÖÃ÷¡¢ÊýѧÉϽÏÑϸñµÄ·½·¨ÊÇBPHZ·¨¡£ÆäÒªµãÊÇÊ×ÏȶԵ¥È¦×Óͼ£¨·ÑÒòÂüͼÖеÄÒ»²¿·Ö£©µÄ·¢É¢×÷¼õ³ý£¬È»ºó¶Ô˫Ȧ×ÓͼµÄ·¢É¢×÷¼õ³ý£¬ÒÀ´ËµÝÍÆ¡£ÕâÑùµÄ¼õ³ýµÈ¼ÛÓÚÔÚÀ¸ñÀÊÈÕÁ¿ÖÐÒÀ´ÎÒýÈëÄܹ»µÖÏûһȦ·¢É¢¡¢Ë«È¦·¢É¢¡¢¡¡¡¢n Ȧ·¢É¢µÄ¸÷µÖÏûÏî¡£
Á¿×ӹ淶ÀíÂÛ£¨°üÀ¨µçÈõͳһÀíÂÛ¡¢Á¿×ÓÉ«¶¯Á¦Ñ§ºÍ´óͳһÀíÂÛ£©µÄÇé¿öËäÈ»±ÈÁ¿×ӵ綯Á¦Ñ§¸´ÔÓ£¬µ«ËüÃǵÄÖØÕý»¯ÎÊÌⶼÒѽâ¾ö¡£
ÔÚ³öÏÖrs·´³£Ê±£¬ Ö»ÒªÇá×ÓµÄÖÖÀàÊýºÍ¿ä¿ËµÄÖÖÀàÊýÏàͬ£¬rs·´³£¾Í×Ô¶¯Ï໥µÖÏû¡£
ÖØÕý»¯ÊÇÒ»¸öÉæ¼°Ãæ½Ï¹ãµÄÑо¿¿ÎÌâ¡£Á£×ÓÎïÀí¡¢Í³¼ÆÎïÀíµÈ£¬¶¼¿ÉÓöµ½ÖØÕý»¯ÎÊÌâ¡£ÓÐһЩºÜÓÐÒâÒåµÄÎÊÌ⣬ÈçÓÐÊø¸¿Ì¬Ê±µÄÖØÕý»¯£¬ÍäÇúʱ¿ÕÁ¿×Ó³¡ÂÛµÄÖØÕý»¯µÈ£¬¶¼ÓдýÈËÃÇÈ¥ÉîÈë̽Ë÷¡£
ÏÖ´úµÄÖØÕý»¯ÀíÂÛ²¢²»Ö»ÊDZ»¶¯µØÓ¦¸¶·¢É¢À§ÄÑ£¬Ëü»¹ÄÜͨ¹ýÖØÕý»¯Èº·½·¨Ö÷¶¯µØ¸ø³öÎïÀíÉϵÄеÄÔ¤ÑÔ¡£ÀýÈç¹ØÓÚ½¥½ü×ÔÓÉÔ¤ÑÔ¡£
ÖØÕý»¯·½·¨Ò²ÓÐËüµÄ¾ÖÏÞÐÔ£¬Ëü²»Äܽâ¾ö΢ÈŽüËÆ·½·¨±¾ÉíËù¹ÌÓеÄÎÊÌ⣬Èç΢Èż¶ÊýÊÕÁ²ÎÊÌâÒÔ¼°Ç¿ñîºÏ²»ÄÜÓÃ΢ÈÅ·½·¨µÄÎÊÌâµÈ¡£