海德格(1889～1976年)
Heidegger, Martin
德国哲学家。曾在在马尔堡大学（1923～1927）和弗赖堡大学（1927～1944）任教。1927年出版钜着《存在与时间》，对沙特和其他的存在主义者影响非常大。虽然海德格本人并不赞同，他还是被归为无神论派存在主义者的领导人物。其揭示的目的在唤起人们对人的存在意义问题的重新关注。他用现象学的方法来初步分析人的存在（Dasein）。1930年代初期，在他的思想发生转折後，看得出他在某些方面已放弃《存在与时间》里的问题。1933年他加入纳粹党，并支持希特勒的政策，因而当上弗赖堡大学校长（1933～1934），但在战争近尾声时不再那麽活跃。由於海德格与纳粹为伍（他从未公开否认过），有人开始争论他的哲学是否承袭了「极权主义」的色彩。海德格的着作也对圣经诠释学和後结构主义的影响十分巨大。
English version：
1889～1976年
Heidegger, Martin
German philosopher. He taught at the Univs. of Marburg (1923-27) and Freiburg (1927-44). In 1927 he published his magnum opus, [work]Sein und Zeit (Being and Time). It strongly influenced Jean-Paul Sartre and other existentialists, and, despite Heidegger's protestations, he was classed as the leading atheistic existentialist. His declared purpose was to raise anew the question of the meaning of being. His preliminary analysis of human existence ([german]Dasein, or “being-there”) employed the method of phenomenology. In the early 1930s his thought underwent a [german]Kehre (“turning around”), which some have seen as an abandonment of the problem of [work]Being and Time. Heidegger joined the Nazi Party in 1933 and supported Hitler's policies as rector of Freiburg (1933-34) and less actively to the end of the war. His complicity with the Nazis, which he never publicly disavowed, has prompted debates about whether his philosophy is inherently “totalitarian.” Heidegger's work strongly influenced hermeneutics and poststructuralism.