极限主义(Minimalism)
20世纪在艺术与音乐方面的运动，主张形式的极度简单和舍弃情感内容。在视觉艺术领域，极限主义在1950年代发端於纽约，1960年代和1970年代其抽象艺术形式成为主流。极限主义者认为艺术作品应该完全自我指示（self-referential）。个性成分被排除以便於彰显客观、纯粹视觉的成分。极限主义的代表雕塑家包括安德烈（C. Andre）和贾德（D. Judd）；画家包括凯利和马丁（A. Martin）。在音乐领域，极限主义是一项完全独立的运动，始於1960年代。它借着稳定的节拍，不断重复音调与和弦，只是在它们的成分中逐渐变化，和声几乎没有变化，很少甚至没有旋律配合。这方面主要的先行者是印度和东南亚的乐曲。早期从事这类音乐的重要人物有杨格（La Monte Young，生於1935年）、赖利（T. Riley，生於1935年）、莱克（S. Reich）、格拉斯（P. Glass）和亚当斯（John Adams）。其中赖利的“In C”（1964）可能是极限主义音乐最具开创意义的作品。
English version：
Minimalism
20th-century movements in art and music characterized by extreme simplicity of form and rejection of emotional content. In the visual arts, minimalism originated in New York in the 1950s as a form of abstract art and became a major trend in the 1960s and '70s. The Minimalists believed that a work of art should be entirely self-referential; personal elements were stripped away to reveal the objective, purely visual elements. Leading Minimalist sculptors include Carl Andre and Donald Judd; Minimalist painters include Ellsworth Kelly and Agnes Martin. In music, Minimalism was an entirely separate movement that arose in the 1960s. It employs a steady pulsing beat, incessant repetition of tones and chords with only gradual changes in their components, a slow rate of harmonic change, and little or no counterpoint. Its principal antecedents are the musics of India and S.East Asia. Its most important early practitioners included La Monte Young (born 1935), Terry Riley (born 1935), whose In C (1964) is perhaps its most seminal work, S. Reich, P. Glass, and John Adams.