印加人(Incas)
南美印第安人，曾统治着一个帝国，其幅员沿太平洋海岸及安地斯高原自北而南延伸，约为今厄瓜多尔北境以至智利中部这一片土地。根据传说（印加人没有留下书写资料），印加王朝的开国者率领族人到库斯科，即後来的首都。在第四代皇帝时开始扩张，而在第八代皇帝时，他们已开始计画永久性的征服，在征服地区建立卫戍部队。在托帕.印加.尤潘基和他的继承者统治下，帝国的版图伸张到南北端极限。16世纪初约统有1,200万子民。他们建造了大片的道路网，这一道路网最终为西班牙人征服印加帝国（1532）开了方便之门。印加人的建筑高度发达，在整个安第斯山区至今还能看到他们的灌溉系统、宫殿、寺庙和碉堡。印加人的社会等级森严，主要是贵族官僚体系。他们的万神庙里以高度组织的国教祭祀着一个太阳神、一个造物神和一个雨神。印加人的後裔是今安地斯山脉操克丘亚语的农民（参阅Quechua），可能占秘鲁人口的45%。他们大部分是农民和牧人，生活於以松散的亲属关系为基础的社区。他们的天主教混合了异教神灵的信仰。亦请参阅Andean civilization、Atahuallpa、Aymara、Chimu、Pizarro, Francisco。
English version：
Incas
Group of South American Indians who ruled a territory that extended along the Pacific coast and Andean highlands from what is now northern Ecuador to central Chile. According to tradition (the Incas left no written records), the founder of the Inca dynasty led the tribe to Cuzco, which became their capital. Under the fourth emperor, they began to expand, and under the eighth they began a program of permanent conquest by establishing garrisons among the conquered. Under Topa Inca Yupanqui and his successor, the empire reached its southernmost and northernmost extent. By the early 16th cent the Incas controlled an empire of 12 million subjects. They constructed a vast network of roads, which in the end facilitated the Spanish conquest in 1532. Their architecture was highly developed, and the remains of their irrigation systems, palaces, temples, and fortifications are still in evidence throughout the Andes. Inca society was highly stratified and featured an aristocratic bureaucracy. Their pantheon, worshiped in a highly organized state religion, included a sun god, a creator god, and a rain god. The Incas' descendants are the Quechua-speaking peasants of the Andes (see Quechua). In Peru about 45% of the population are of Inca descent. They are primarily farmers and herders living in close-knit communities. Their Roman Catholicism is infused with belief in pagan spirits and divinities. See also Andean civilization, Atahuallpa, Aymará, Chimu, Francisco Pizarro.