罗斯福(1882～1945年)
Roosevelt, Franklin D(elano)
美国第三十二任总统（1933～1945）。是堂兄西奥多.罗斯福的仰慕者，他对政治感到兴趣，开始活跃於民主党。1905年娶爱琳娜.罗斯福为妻，後来成为极佳的顾问。曾服务於州参议院（1910～1913），并成为美国海军部助理部长（1913～1920）。1920年被提名为副总统候选人，翌年罹患小儿麻痹；虽然无法行走，他仍活跃於政界。1929～1933年担任纽约州长，设立美国第一个州立救援局。1932年他在法利协助下赢得民主党总统候选人提名，并轻松击败现任总统胡佛。在面对全国1,300万失业人口的就职演说中，他声称：「我们害怕的事只是害怕本身」。在任期最初一百天之内，国会通过他的「新政」计画中所作的大部分改革。1936年以压倒性多数胜过兰登连任。为了解决「新政」的法律挑战，他提议扩大美国最高法院，但他的「法院包裹」计画引起强烈反对，最後不得不放弃。到1930年代晚期，经济复苏趋缓，但罗斯福更担忧战争的威胁渐增。1940年他又打败威尔基，空前地第三度连任。他在欧战中保持美国中立，但批准租借原则，1941年又与邱吉尔会面，草拟了「大西洋宪章」。随着美国加入第二次世界大战，他动员工业为军事生产，并与英国、苏联组成联盟；他与邱吉尔、史达林在德黑兰（1943）和雅尔达（1945）会面，谋商战争策略。尽管健康欠佳，1944年却击败杜威，第四度连任，但就任几个月即过世。被普遍公认是美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。
English version：
1882～1945年
Roosevelt, Franklin D(elano)
32nd president of the U.S. (1933-45). Born in Hyde Park, N.Y., he was attracted to politics as an admirer of his cousin Theodore Roosevelt, and became active in the Democratic Party. In 1905 he married Eleanor Roosevelt, who would become a valued adviser in future years. He served in the state senate (1910-13) and as U.S. assistant secretary of the navy (1913-20). In 1920 he was nominated for vice president. The next year he was stricken with polio; though unable to walk, he remained active in politics. As governor of New York (1929-33), he set up the first state relief agency in the U.S. In 1932 he won the Democratic presidential nomination with the help of James Farley and easily defeated Pres. Herbert Hoover. In his inaugural address to a nation of more than 13 million unemployed, he pronounced that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” Congress passed most of the changes he sought in his New Deal program in the first hundred days of his term. He was overwhelmingly reelected in 1936 over Alf Landon. To solve legal challenges to the New Deal, he proposed enlarging the U.S. Supreme Court, but his “court-packing” plan aroused strong opposition and had to be abandoned. By the late 1930s economic recovery had slowed, but Roosevelt was more concerned with the growing threat of war. In 1940 he was reelected to an unprecedented third term, defeating Wendell Willkie. He maintained U.S. neutrality toward the war in Europe, but approved the principle of lend-lease and in 1941 met with Winston Churchill to draft the Atlantic Charter. With U.S. entry into World War II, he mobilized industry for military production and formed an alliance with Britain and the Soviet Union; he met with Churchill and Joseph Stalin to form war policy at Tehran (1943) and Yalta (1945). Despite declining health, he won reelection for a fourth term against Thomas Dewey (1944) but served only briefly before his death. His presidency is widely regarded as one of the greatest in U.S. history.