梭罗(1817～1862年)
Thoreau, Henry David
美国思想家、随笔作家、博物学家。毕业於哈佛大学，成为自然诗人前曾做过几年教师。後来回到康科特，受爱默生的影响，并在超验主义杂志《日晷》上发表文章。1845～1847年为显示简单的生活的舒适，他住到康科特华尔登池边的一个小屋里，并写出了记载他的生活的杰作《湖滨散记》（1854）。梭罗一生只出版了《康科特河与梅里马克河上一周》（1849）。他曾在监狱冥思一晚，并在随笔《非暴力反抗》（1849）中抗议美西战争。他的这一思想影响了後来的甘地以及金恩等人。後来梭罗对超验主义的兴趣逐渐减退，成为专注的废奴主义者。他的许多关於自然的作品以及他在加拿大、缅因州以及科德角的见闻记录显示了自然主义者敏锐的思想。梭罗死後出版了二十卷作品集，并不断有作品出版。
English version：
1817～1862年
Thoreau, Henry David
U.S. thinker, essayist, and naturalist. Born in Concord, Mass., Thoreau graduated from Harvard University and taught school for several years before deciding to become a poet of nature. Back in Concord, he came under the influence of Ralph Waldo Emerson and began to publish pieces in the Transcendentalist magazine The Dial. In the years 1845-47, to demonstrate how satisfying a simple life could be, he lived in a hut beside Concord's Walden Pond; essays recording his daily life were assembled for his masterwork, Walden (1854). His A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849) was the only other book he published in his lifetime. He reflected on a night he spent in jail protesting the Mexican-American War in the essay “Civil Disobedience” (1849), which would later influence such figures as Mohandas K. Gandhi and Martin Luther King. In later years his interest in Transcendentalism waned and he became a dedicated abolitionist. His many nature writings and records of his wanderings in Canada, Maine, and Cape Cod display the mind of a keen naturalist. After his death his collected writings were published in 20 volumes, and further writings have continued to appear in print.