罗斯福(1858～1919年)
Roosevelt, Theodore
别名泰迪.罗斯福（Teddy Roosevelt）
美国第26任总统（1901～1909）。1882年当选纽约州议员，成为反对民主党政府的共和党领袖。在经历政治上的失败和丧妻之痛後，到达科他准州经营牧场。後来返回纽约，在美国公务员委员会任职（1889～1895），後任纽约市警务处处长（1895～1897）。他是马京利的支持者，1897～1898年任海军海军部助理部长。美西战争爆发後，他奉命组织骑兵部队－－莽骑兵。之後以英雄身分返回纽约，并於1899年当选为州长。後被提名为共和党副总统候选人，并在马京利再次当选後上任。马京利在1901年遭暗杀後，罗斯福继任为总统。在任职早期提出的一个动议就是反对商业垄断的「雪曼反托拉斯法」。1904年击败派克，名正言顺地当选为总统。在他的强力要求下，国会规定了铁路运费，并於1906年通过食物、肉类、药材得检验法，为消费者提供了新的保障。他下令保留国家森林、公园以及矿藏、油田和煤矿等资源。他和国务卿罗德宣布了门罗主义的「罗斯福推论」，从而加强了美国身为西半球扞卫者的地位。由於他调停日俄战争，从而结束战争，在1906年获得诺贝尔和平奖。他确保了与巴拿马签订的关於修建跨地峡运河的协定得以实施。他本人已无心连任，但确保了塔虎脱为候选人。在到非洲及欧洲旅行之後，他在1912年试图再次获得共和党总统提名。被拒绝後，他组建了公麋党，推行新国家主义政策，但仍在选举中败北。此後，他继续从事写作，出版的作品涉及历史、政治、旅游以及自然等各方面。亦请参阅Big Stick policy、Theodore Roosevelt National Park。
English version：
1858～1919年
Roosevelt, Theodore
26th president of the U.S. (1901-9). Born in New York City, he was elected to the New York legislature in 1882, where he became a Republican leader opposed to the Democratic political machine. After political defeats and the death of his wife, he went to the Dakota Territory to ranch. He returned to New York to serve on the U.S. Civil Service Commission (1889-95) and as head of the city's board of police commissioners (1895-97). A supporter of William McKinley, he served as assistant secretary of the navy (1897-98). When the Spanish-American War was declared, he resigned to organize a cavalry unit, the Rough Riders. He returned to New York a hero and was elected governor in 1899. As the Republican vice-presidential nominee, he took office when McKinley was reelected, and he became president on McKinley's assassination in 1901. One of his early initiatives was to urge enforcement of the Sherman Antitrust Act against business monopolies. He won election in his own right in 1904, defeating Alton Parker. At his urging, Congress regulated railroad rates and passed the Pure Food and Drug Act and Meat Inspection Act (1906) to provide new consumer protections. He set aside national forests, parks, and mineral, oil, and coal lands for conservation. He and secretary of state Elihu Root announced the Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, which reinforced the U.S. position as defender of the Western Hemisphere. For mediating an end to the Russo-Japanese War, he received the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize. He secured a treaty with Panama for construction of a trans-isthmus canal. Declining to seek reelection, he secured the nomination for William H. Taft. After traveling in Africa and Europe, he tried to win the Republican presidential nomination in 1912; when he was rejected, he organized the Bull Moose Party and ran on a policy of New Nationalism, but failed to win the election. Throughout his life he continued to write, publishing extensively on history, politics, travel, and nature. See also Big Stick policy, T. Roosevelt National Park.