萨伏依王室(Savoy, House of)
欧洲历史上着名的王朝，1861～1946年统治义大利的宗室。其建立者为拥有萨伏依、莱茵河以东及日内瓦湖南部地区的亨伯特一世（卒於1048?年）。中世纪时期，他的继承人，包括阿玛迪斯六世在内，将法国、义大利和瑞士交界的阿尔卑斯山西部并入了版图。1416年该王室被提升为神圣罗马帝国的公爵，但此後直到16世纪晚期一直处於衰败的状态。虽然它在17世纪归义大利统治，但该王室在维克托.阿玛迪斯二世时代获得了义大利东北部的领土并夺得了皇室的头衔，先是西西里国王（1713），後改为萨丁尼亚国王（1720）。萨伏依王室在复兴运动时期很强盛，在国王维克托.伊曼纽尔一世和查理.阿尔贝特领导下对19世纪义大利统一作出了贡献。它後来失去了其主导地位，其君王翁贝托一世和维克托.伊曼纽尔三世只是名义上的国王，1946年的选举结束了萨伏依王室的统治。
English version：
Savoy, House of
Historic dynasty of Europe and the ruling house of Italy 1861-1946. Its founder was Umberto I the Whitehanded (died 1048?), who held the county of Savoy and areas east of the Rh?ne River and south of Lake Geneva. His medieval successors, including Amadeus VI, added territory in the western Alps where France, Italy, and Switzerland converge. In 1416 the house was raised to ducal status in the Holy Roman Empire, after which it declined until the late 16th century. Though under French domination in the 17th century, the house under Victor Amadeus II acquired territory in northeastern Italy and attained the royal title, first of the kingdom of Sicily (1713), which he exchanged for Sardinia (1720). The house was powerful in the Risorgimento, and under the kings Victor Emmanuel I and II and Charles Albert it contributed to the 19th-century unification of Italy. It then lost its prominence, and the monarchs Umberto I and Victor Emmanuel III served mainly as figureheads until the vote for a republic in 1946 ended Savoy rule.