格陵兰(Greenland)
丹麦语作Gronland
格陵兰语作Kalaallit Nunaat
北美洲东北部岛屿。世界最大岛（澳大利亚除外），面积2,175,600平方公里，位於北大西洋。丹麦属地。首府努克。2/3土地在北极圈内，其地貌特徵是广大厚实的格陵兰冰原，格陵兰的经济基础为渔业和采矿业，1989年发现了特大型金矿。格陵兰人占总人口的4/5以上，大多具有爱斯基摩人（或称伊努伊特人）的血统。据说伊努伊特人以加拿大极地的岛屿作跳板，自北美渡海到达格陵兰西北部。他们多次迁移，从西元前4000年一直延续到西元1000年。982年，挪威人埃里克来格陵兰定居。11世纪时，其子埃里克松将基督教传入格陵兰。14世纪後期，格陵兰在丹麦－挪威联合控制下。原先的诺尔斯殖民地於15世纪消失。1721年，进入丹麦殖民时代。1776年，丹麦政府独揽了格陵兰的贸易活动。此後格陵兰的海岸对外关闭，直到1950年才再度开放。1953年，格陵兰成为丹麦王国一部分，1979年得内政自治权。人口约57,000（1991）。
English version：
Greenland
GreenlandicKalaallit NunaatIsland (pop., 1991 est.: 57,000), northeastern North America. The world's largest island (excluding Australia), it covers 840,000 sq mi (2,175,600 sq km), is located in the North Atlantic Ocean and is a dependency of Denmark. Its capital is Nuuk. Two-thirds of the island lies within the Arctic Circle; it is dominated by the massive Greenland Ice Sheet. While fishing is central to the economy, there are commercial mineral deposits, including a large gold deposit discovered in 1989. More than four-fifths of the population are native Greenlanders, principally of Inuit (see Eskimo) descent. The Inuit probably crossed to northwestern Greenland from North America, along the islands of the Canadian Arctic, from 4000 BC to AD 1000. The Norwegian Erik the Red visited Greenland in 982; his son, Leif Eriksson, introduced Christianity in the 11th century. Greenland came under joint Danish-Norwegian rule in the late 14th century. The original Norse settlements became extinct in the 15th century, but Greenland was recolonized by Denmark in 1721. In 1776 Denmark closed the Greenland coast to foreign trade; it was not reopened until 1950. Greenland became part of the kingdom of Denmark in 1953, and home rule was established in 1979.