汉尼拔(前247～西元前183?年)
Hannibal
迦太基人，古代最伟大的军事统帅之一。随其父哈米尔卡尔.巴尔卡（卒於西元前229/228年）到西班牙，他一生与罗马共和国为敌。其父及姐夫去世後，他负责统帅西班牙的迦太基军队（西元前221年）。他保护西班牙，後来越过厄波罗河来到罗马的领地，最後进入高卢。他翻越阿尔卑斯山进入义大利；因大象和马的拖累，他受到高卢部落、严寒的冬季气候和自己西班牙军队的背叛等阻挠。他击败弗拉米尼努斯，但受到费比乌斯.马克西姆斯不断的干扰。西元前216年取得坎尼战役的胜利。西元前203年前往北非协助迦太基军队抵抗大西庇阿的势力。他在札马战役中败於西庇阿的盟友马西尼萨，但他逃脱了。约西元前202至西元前195年为迦太基领袖；後被迫出走，投奔叙利亚王安条克三世，他受命指挥一支舰队抵抗罗马，但惨败。马格内西亚战役（西元前190年）後，罗马要求将他绞死；他企图逃走，自知无法逃脱，而服毒自杀。
English version：
前247～西元前183?年
Hannibal
Carthaginian general, one of the great military leaders of antiquity. Taken to Spain by his father, the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca (died 229/228 BC), he was sworn to eternal enmity with Rome. After the death of his father and brother-in-law, he took charge of Carthage's army in Spain (221). He secured Spain, then crossed the Ebro River into Roman territory, and entered Gaul. He marched over the Alps into Italy; encumbered by elephants and horses, he was beset by Gallic tribes, harsh winter weather, and defection of his Spanish troops. He defeated Flaminius but was severely harassed by Fabius Maximus Cunctator. In 216 he won the Battle of Cannae. In 203 he left for northern Africa to help Carthage fend off Scipio's forces. He lost decisively to Scipio's ally Masinissa at the Battle of Zama, but escaped. He headed the Carthaginian government (c. 202-195); forced to flee, he sought refuge with Antiochus III, whose fleet he commanded against Rome, with disastrous results. After the Battle of Magnesia (190) the Romans demanded he be handed over; he eluded them until, seeing no escape, he took poison.