股份(stock)
金融用语，公司或有限责任公司的认购资本，通常被切割为份额，并由可以转移的证券代表。许多公司仅有一类股份，称为普通股。普通股是公司所有权的份额，让持股者有权分得公司利润和岁入的利益。股份带有投票权，让持股者能够参与公司营运（除非这样的权利在特定情况下被扣住，例如特殊类型的非投票股份）。支付给普通股的股利常是不稳的，因为它们随利润而异；它们也通常少於利润，这种差异被管理部门用来扩张公司。欲吸引那些想要确定经常收到股利的投资人，有些公司发行优先股--可以优先获得公司所付的股利，而在大部分情况下，如果公司解散，可以优先获得岁入。优先股的股利通常调整在固定的年利率，这必须在股利被分配给普通股持有人之前支付。亦请参阅security、stock exchange。
English version：
stock
In finance, the subscribed capital of a corporation or limited-liability company, usually divided into shares and represented by transferable certificates. Many companies have only one class of stock, called common stock. Common stock, as a share of ownership in the company, entitles the holder to an interest in the company's earnings and assets. It carries voting rights that enable the holder to participate in the running of the company (unless such rights are specifically withheld, as in special classes of nonvoting shares). Dividends paid on common stock are often unstable because they vary with earnings; they are also usually less than earnings, the difference being used by the management to expand the firm. To appeal to investors who want to be sure of receiving dividends regularly, some companies issue preferred stock, which has a prior claim to dividends paid by the company and, in most cases, to the company's assets in case of its dissolution. Preferred-stock dividends are usually set at a fixed annual rate that must be paid before dividends are distributed to common stockholders. See also security, stock exchange.
参考文章
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