Douglass, Frederick，原名Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey。
美国废奴主义者。父母亲为白人和黑人奴隶所生。他被主人送到巴尔的摩当仆人，他学会阅读。十六岁回到种植园，後被租借出去，在巴尔的摩当捻船缝工人。1833年逃至纽约，後移居麻萨诸塞的纽柏德福特，改名为道格拉斯。1841年，在麻萨诸塞的南塔克特的反奴隶制大会上，道格拉斯应邀讲述他在奴隶制下的感受和遭遇，结果他成为麻萨诸塞州反奴隶制协会的代理人。从那时起，尽管受到责难、嘲笑、侮辱和激烈的个人攻击，道格拉斯始终不动摇他对废奴主义事业的忠诚。1845年他写了自传，现在被视为经典之作。他前往不列颠和爱尔兰演说（1845～1847），後创办他自己的反奴隶制报纸《北极星报》，1847～1860年在纽约的罗契斯特发行。1851年与废奴主义领袖加里森分道扬镳，而与伯尼结盟。内战时期担任林肯总统的顾问。在重建时期（1865～1877），他为使被解放了的奴隶获得充分公民权而坚决地战斗。并有力地支持妇女权利运动。此後，曾任华盛顿特区几个政府职务（1877～1886），及美国驻海地公使兼总领事（1889～1891）。
English version：
1817～1895年
Douglass, Frederick
U.S. abolitionist. Born in Tuckahoe, Md., to a slave mother and a white father, he was sent to work as a house servant in Baltimore, where he learned to read. At 16 he was returned to the plantation, then was hired out as a ship caulker. In 1838 he fled to New York and then moved to New Bedford, Mass., changing his name to elude slave hunters. His eloquence at an 1841 antislavery convention gave him a new career as an agent for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, in which capacity he endured frequent insults and violent personal attacks. In 1845 he wrote his autobiography, now regarded as a classic. He lectured in England and Ireland (1845-47), then founded the antislavery North Star, which he published until 1860 in Rochester, N.Y. In 1851 he split with the radical William Lloyd Garrison and allied with the moderates led by James Birney. In the Civil War he was a consultant to Pres. Abraham Lincoln. During Reconstruction he fought for full civil rights for freedmen and supported women's rights. He served in government posts in Washington, D.C. (1877-86), and as U.S. minister to Haiti (1889-91).