史特拉汶斯基(1882～1971年)
Stravinsky, Igor (Fyodorovich)
俄国出生移民法国和美国的作曲家。其父为俄国杰出歌剧男低音歌唱家之一。史特拉汶斯基早年决定学作曲，师从林姆斯基-高沙可夫（1902～1908）。1908年创作《焰火》，演出经纪人佳吉列夫听过演出後，约请他为芭蕾舞剧《火鸟》（1910）创作音乐。《火鸟》的成功使他成为俄罗斯年轻一代作曲家中的杰出人物。其後芭蕾舞剧《彼得鲁什卡》（1911）再获成功。1913年的《春之祭》以其发自内心的激情以及野兽派的音响效果成为音乐史上的代表作。该剧在巴黎的首场公演带来了一场骚动，确立了他的国际地位。此後他开始转向短小的器乐和声乐效果，创作了芭蕾清唱剧《婚礼》（1923）。尽管当时受到第一次世界大战的影响，许多作曲家正在回避对19世纪末叶作品的过度摹仿，他却采用有所节制的新古典主义纷繁杂然的不同风格，并取材於旧日音乐中的一些搞笑片段，创作了《管乐八重奏》（1923）。他采用新古典主义手法的主要作品有《伊底帕斯王》（1927）、芭蕾舞剧《阿波罗》（1928）、清唱剧《圣诗交响曲》（1930）、《C大调交响曲》（1940）和《三个乐章的交响曲》（1945），以及歌剧《浪子的历程》（1951），并以该歌剧为其古典主义的创作作了一个总结。维也纳作曲家荀白克去世後，史特拉汶斯基从1954年起开始了系列主义作曲阶段，并很快形成自己的作品风格。後期作品有芭蕾舞剧《阿贡》（1957）、《哀歌》（1958）、《乐章》（1959）和《安魂曲》（1966）等，《阿贡》是他众多由巴兰钦编舞的芭蕾舞剧中的最後一部。
English version：
1882～1971年
Stravinsky, Igor (Fyodorovich)
Russian-French-U.S. composer. Son of an operatic bass, he decided to be a composer at 20 and studied privately with N. Rimsky-Korsakov (1902-8). His Fireworks (1908) was heard by Sergey Diaghilev, who commissioned him to write the Firebird ballet (1910), which made him Russia's leading young composer. The great ballet score Petrushka (1911) followed. His next ballet, The Rite of Spring (1913), viscerally exciting and brutalist in its effect, was a landmark in music history; its Paris premiere caused a virtual riot, and Stravinsky's international notoriety was assured. He turned to smaller forces for the ballet Les noces (1923), and adopted a radically different style of restrained neoclassicism—employing often ironic references to older music—with his Octet (1923), as many were turning away from the excesses of the late 19th century, associated with the causes of World War I. His major neoclassical works included Oedipus rex (1927), the ballet Apollo (1928), the Symphony of Psalms (1930), the Symphony in C (1940), and the Symphony in Three Movements (1945), and culminated in the opera The Rake's Progress (1951). After A. Schoenberg's death, from 1954 he employed serialism, of which he soon devised his own version. His later works include Agon (1957)—the last of his many ballets choreographed by George Balanchine—Threni (1958), Movements (1959), and Requiem Canticles (1966).