加彭(Gabon)
正式名称加彭共和国（Gabonese Republic）
非洲中部国家。面积267,667平方公里。人口约1,221,000（2001）。首都︰自由市。加彭约有四十多个种族，芳人人数最多，居住於奥果韦河以北，河南最大的种族是希拉人、布奴人和恩札比人。语言︰法语（官方语）和原住民语言。宗教︰基督教，主要是天主教。货币︰非洲金融共同体法郎（CFAF）。加彭地跨赤道，滨非洲西部海岸。有狭窄的海滨平原，南部和北部多山。主要河流奥果韦河的流域遍布整个国家，约3/4的土地为茂密的赤道雨林所覆盖，其中包括了许多种类的动植物。加彭蕴藏了丰富的锰矿，为世界最大的锰矿之一，还蕴藏大量高品质的铁矿。为混合、开发中经济，以矿物和林木资源开发为基础。政府形式是两院制国会。国家元首是总统，政府首脑为总理。
境内发现旧石器时代晚期和新石器时代早期的人物造品，但构成加彭部族群落的操班图语的移民迁徙此地的时间却不得而知。俾格米人可能是最早的居民。18世纪末芳人来到此地，接着法国、荷兰和英国商人相继到来。18～19世纪大部分时期的商业以奴隶贩卖活动为主。随後法国取得控制，加彭接受法属西非政府管辖（1843～1886）。1886年法属刚果殖民地建立，范围包括加彭与刚果。1910年加彭为法属赤道非洲内的一个单独殖民地。1946年成为法国海外领地。1958年成为法兰西共同体内的自治共和国。1960年宣布独立。1960年代开始建立一党专政的体制。1980年代人民对一党专政渐生不满，但人民对一党一专制普遍不满，引起自由市於1989年发生暴乱。反对党的合法化导致1990年举行新选举。1990年代，与邻国查德的叛乱分子以及刚果共和国之间一直在进行和平谈判。
English version：
Gabon
Country, central Africa. Area: 103,347 sq mi (267,667 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 1,190,000. Capital: Libreville. Gabon has more than 40 ethnic groups: the Fang make up a majority and live north of the Ogooué River; the largest groups south of the river are the Punu, Sira, and Nzebi. Languages: French (official); indigenous languages. Religion: Christianity, primarily Roman Catholicism. Currency: CFA franc. Gabon straddles the equator on the western coast of Africa. It has a narrow coastal plain and becomes hilly in the south and north. The basin of its chief river, the Ogooué, covers most of the country; about three-fourths is equatorial rain forest, which supports numerous plant and animal species. Gabon has reserves of manganese that are among the largest in the world; it also has huge deposits of high-grade iron ore. Gabon has a mixed, developing economy based largely on the exploitation of these mineral and timber resources. Its head of state is the president, and the head of government is the prime minister; the parliament consists of two houses. Artifacts dating from late Paleolithic and early Neolithic times have been found in Gabon, but it is not known when the Bantu speakers who established Gabon's ethnic composition arrived. Pygmies were probably the original inhabitants. The Fang arrived in the late 18th century and were followed by the Portuguese and by French, Dutch, and English traders. The slave trade dominated commerce in the 18th and much of the 19th century. The French then took control, and Gabon was administered (1843-86) with French West Africa. In 1886 the colony of French Congo was established to include both Gabon and the Congo; in 1910 Gabon became a separate colony within French Equatorial Africa. An overseas territory of France from 1946, it became an autonomous republic within the French Community in 1958 and declared its independence in 1960. Rule by a sole political party was established in the 1960s, but discontent with it led to riots in Libreville in 1989. Legalization of opposition parties led to new elections in 1990. Peace negotiations with neighboring Chad rebels and with the Republic of the Congo were ongoing in the 1990s.