第三共和

浏览

1870~1940年的法国政府。在第二帝国倒台和巴黎公社被镇压後,新的宪法法律於1875年被通过,允许建立一个以议会制度为基础的政权。尽管成立过许多短期的政府,但第三共和是法国社会稳定(除了德雷福斯事件)、工业化发展和专业民众服务设施建立的标志。1940年德国入侵法国导致其垮台。第三共和的总统包括梯也尔(1871~1873)、麦克马洪伯爵(1873~1879)、格雷维(1879~1887)、卡诺(1887~1894)、福尔(1895~1899)、卢贝(E. Loubet,1899~1906)、法利埃(A. Fallieres,1906~1913)、庞加莱(1913~1920)、米勒兰(1920~1924)、杜梅格(G. Doumergue,1924~1931)及勒布伦(1932~1940)。其他着名的领导人还包括布鲁姆、布朗热、白里安、克里蒙梭、达拉第、费里、甘必大、赫里欧饶勒斯拉瓦尔贝当和雷诺。

Third Republic

French government 1870-1940. After the fall of the Second Empire and the suppression of the Paris Commune, the new Constitutional Laws of 1875 were adopted, establishing a regime based on parliamentary supremacy. Despite its series of short-lived governments, the Third Republic was marked by social stability (except for the Alfred Dreyfus affair), industrialization, and establishment of a professional civil service. It ended with the fall of France to the Germans in 1940. Presidents of the Third Republic included Adolphe Thiers (1871-73), Marie Edme Patrice de Mac-Mahon (1873-79), Jules Grevy (1879-87), Sadi Carnot (1887-94), Felix Faure (1895-99), émile Loubet (1899-1906), Armand Fallières (1906-13), Raymond Poincare(1913-20), Alexandre Millerand (1920-24), Gaston Doumergue (1924-31), and Albert Lebrun (1932-40). Other notable leaders included Leon Blum, Georges Boulanger, Aristide Briand, Georges Clemenceau, Edouard Daladier, Jules Ferry, Leon Gambetta, Edouard Herriot, Jean Jaures, Pierre Laval, Philippe Petain, and Paul Reynaud.