耶路撒冷(Jerusalem)
希伯来语作Yerushalayim
阿拉伯语作Al-Quds
以色列首都。位居全国靠近中央的位置，死海的西部，地中海的东部。是犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教的圣城。犹太人之所以称它是圣城是因为它是希伯来人的古都和所罗门圣殿所在；基督徒则是因为这里是耶稣基督一生活动和钉死於十字架的地方；穆斯林是因为据说穆罕默德是从这里升天。西元前1000年大卫王占领耶路撒冷，并把它设为以色列首都；他的儿子所罗门在西元前10世纪建造了圣殿。西元前63年罗马人夺占了耶路撒冷。後来穆斯林阿拉伯人（637）和十字军（1099）先後占领了此地。1917年英国人占据耶路撒冷成为英国托管下的巴勒斯坦首都。在以阿战争期间，耶路撒冷被外约旦（後为约旦）和以色列瓜分。前者兼并旧城和东耶路撒冷其余地区，後者占据西耶路撒冷。1967年的六日战争以色列夺得东耶路撒冷，此後该城的地位一直是争论的主要焦点：国际社会大部分不予承认，使得最後的领土权归属问题悬而未决。城内犹太教的圣所包括第一、第二圣殿和西墙；伊斯兰教的圣地包括岩顶圆顶寺和阿克萨清真寺（远寺）。人口约633,700（1999）。
English version：
Jerusalem
ArabicAl-QudsCity (pop., 1997 est.: 591,000) and capital of Israel. It is located near the center of the nation, west of the Dead Sea and east of the Mediterranean Sea. It is a holy city of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Jews hold the city sacred because it is the ancient capital of the Hebrews and the site of the Temple of Solomon; Christians, because it was the scene of the ministry and crucifixion of Jesus; and Muslims, because Muhammad is believed to have ascended to heaven from a site there. In 1000 BC King David captured it and made it the capital of Israel; his son Solomon built the Temple in the 10th century BC. The Romans captured it in 63 BC. Later, Muslim Arabs in 637, and Crusaders in 1099 (see Crusades) took it. Occupied by the British in 1917, it became the capital of the British mandate of Palestine. During the Arab-Israeli Wars, it was divided between Transjordan (later Jordan), which held the Old City and the rest of East Jerusalem, and Israel, which held West Jerusalem. Israel took East Jerusalem in the Six-Day War of 1967. Its capital status has remained a major point of contention: recognition by the international community has largely been withheld pending final settlement of territorial rights. The city's sacred Jewish shrines include the site of the First and Second Temples and the Western (Wailing) Wall; its Islamic holy places include the Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque.