塞琉西王国(Seleucid dynasty)
马其顿人建立的希腊王国（西元前312～西元前64年），由塞琉古一世创立。是从亚历山大大帝的帝国分割出来的，领土范围包括从色雷斯到印度边境的广大地区，其中涵盖了巴比伦尼亚、叙利亚和安纳托利亚。西元前281年安条克一世继塞琉古为王，一直统治到西元前261年。之後的继任者为塞琉古二世（约西元前246～西元前225年在位）、塞琉古三世（约西元前225～西元前223年在位）和安条克三世（约西元前223～西元前187年在位）。在安条克三世统治时期，王国处於颠峰状态。但在亚洲领土地区开始出现了抵制其王国势力和希腊文化传播的运动。安条克三世与罗马人的交锋象徵国势的衰退，尤其是在西元前190年战败之後。马加比家族从安条克五世（约西元前175～西元前164年在位）手中夺得犹太地区，在他去世後，王国加速衰退。德米特里一世和安条克七世即使想力挽狂澜也无法阻止王朝终结的命运，西元前64年毁在罗马的庞培手中。
English version：
Seleucid dynasty
Macedonian Greek dynasty (312-64 BC) founded by Seleucus I Nicator. Carved from Alexander the Great's empire, the Seleucid domain stretched from Thrace to the border of India and included Babylonia, Syria, and Anatolia. Seleucus was succeeded in 281 by Antiochus I Soter, who reigned until 261. He was followed by Antiochus II (r. 261-246), Seleucus II Callinicus (r.246-225), Seleucus III (r.225-223), and Antiochus III the Great (r.223-187). Under the last, the empire was at its height. Resistance to the power and spread of Hellenistic culture soon began to manifest itself in the Asian lands. Antiochus III's encounter with the Romans signaled decline, especially after the defeat of 190. The decline accelerated after the death of Antiochus IV (r.175-164), who lost Judaea to the Maccabees. The efforts of Demetrius I and Antiochus VII could not forestall the dynasty's inevitable end at the hands of the Roman Pompey the Great in 64 BC.