尚比亚(Zambia)
正式名称尚比亚共和国（Republic of Zambia）
旧称北罗得西亚（Northern Rhodesia, 1911～1964）
非洲中南部内陆国家。面积752,614平方公里。人口约9,770,000（2001）。首都︰路沙卡。居民几乎全为操班图语的非洲人种族。语言︰英语（官方语），以及八十种当地语言和方言。宗教：基督教、印度教和原住民宗教。货币︰夸查（K）。国土大部分为台地，尚比西河（包括维多利亚瀑布）、卡富埃河和卢安瓜河流贯其间。班韦乌卢湖位於尚比亚北部，而姆韦鲁湖和坦干伊喀湖则在北部边界上。班韦乌卢沼泽是世界最大的内陆湿地之一。东部的穆钦加山脉有全国最高点（2,200公尺）。西南部有贵重的尚比亚柚木林。经济过分依赖铜矿的生产和出口，其他矿物资源有铅、锌、钴、煤和金。农业也很重要。有一些制造业。政府形式为共和国，一院制。国家元首暨政府首脑为总统。
考古发掘显示，在一百万～两百万年以前早期人类就曾出没於现在的尚比亚，现代东加人的祖先早在西元前第二个千年纪开始时便到达该地区，而其他现代民族到了17或18世纪才从刚果（萨伊）和安哥拉来此。18世纪初葡萄牙人建立起贸易传教区。1890年代，罗德兹的使者和英国南非公司同大多数尚比亚酋长订立了许多条约。南非公司在该地区於1924年成为英国的保护地之前一直是当地的管理机构。1953～1963年属中非罗得西亚和尼亚萨兰联邦的一部分。1964年北罗得西亚独立，成为尚比亚共和国。1990年通过了一项宪法修正案，允许各反对党派合法化，但在次年即出现政治紧张局势。
English version：
Zambia
, formerlyNorthern RhodesiaLandlocked country, southern central Africa. Area: 290,586 sq mi (752,614 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 9,350,000. Capital: Lusaka. The population is composed almost entirely of Bantu-speaking African ethnic groups. Languages: English (official); some 80 local languages and dialects also spoken. Religions: Christianity (predominant), Islam, Hinduism, and indigenous beliefs. Currency: kwacha. The country consists of tableland through which the Zambezi (including Victoria Falls), Kafue, and Luangwa rivers flow. Lake Bangweulu is within northern Zambia, while lakes Mweru and Tanganyika touch its northern boundaries. The Bangweulu Swamps form one of the largest inland wetlands in the world. The Muchinga Mountains in the east include the highest point (7,100 ft, or 2,200 m) in the country. There are valuable forests of Zambezi teak in the southwest. Zambia's economy is heavily dependent on the production and export of copper. Other important mineral resources include lead, zinc, cobalt, coal, and gold. Agriculture also is important. It has some manufacturing. It is a republic with one legislative house; its head of state and government is the president. Archaeological evidence suggests that early humans roamed present-day Zambia 1-2 million years ago. Ancestors of the modern Tonga tribe reached the region early in the 2nd millennium AD, but other modern peoples from Congo (Zaire) and Angola reached the country only in the 17th-18th century. Portuguese trading missions were established early in the 18th century. Emissaries of Cecil Rhodes and the British South Africa Co. concluded treaties with most of the Zambian chiefs during the 1890s. The company administered the region known as Northern Rhodesia until 1924, when it became a British protectorate. It was part of the Central African Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland 1953-63. In 1964 Northern Rhodesia became the independent republic of Zambia. A constitutional amendment was passed in 1990 allowing opposition parties; the following years were filled with political tension.