路易－腓力(1773～1850年)
Louis-Philippe
别名平民国王（the Citizen King）
法国国王（1830～1848）。奥尔良公爵的长子，法国大革命爆发之初，他支持新政府，并在1792年加入革命军，但在1793年与奥地利作战时叛逃，後来流亡至瑞士、美国和英格兰。最後返回法国致力於路易十八世的复辟事业，并加入自由派。在七月革命（1830）和查理十世退位之後，梯也尔拥护路易－腓力，并由立法议会选举他为「平民国王」。七月王朝期间，他在右翼极端君主派和社会党人、其他共和党人之间采取中间路线，以巩固自己的权力，但开始恢复镇压的手段，以对付层出不穷的叛乱和刺客。他加强了法国在欧洲的地位，并与英国合作逼使荷兰承认比利时独立。路易－腓力在中产阶级对他的专断统治逐渐不满以及未能赢得新兴企业阶级人士的支持下，於1848年二月革命期间逊位。
English version：
1773～1850年
Louis-Philippe
King of the French (1830-48). Eldest son of the duc d'Orléans, he supported the new government at the outbreak of the French Revolution and joined the Revolutionary army in 1792, but deserted during the war with Austria (1793) and lived in exile in Switzerland, the U.S., and England. He returned to France on the restoration of Louis XVIII and joined the liberal opposition. Following the July Revolution (1830) and Charles X's abdication, he was proclaimed the “citizen king” by Adolphe Thiers and elected by the legislature. During the July monarchy, he consolidated his power by steering a middle course between the right-wing monarchists and the socialists and other republicans, but resorted to repressive measures because of numerous rebellions and attempts on his life. He strengthened France's position in Europe and cooperated with the British in forcing the Dutch to recognize Belgian independence. Mounting middle-class opposition to his arbritrary rule and his inability to win allegiance from the new industrial classes caused his abdication during the February Revolution of 1848.