南非战争(South African War)，亦称布尔战争（Boer War）。
1899～1902年英国与两个布尔人（阿非利堪人）共和国－－南非共和国（特兰斯瓦）和橘自由邦－－之间的战争。战争的起因是布尔人领袖克鲁格（P. Kruger）拒绝给予内陆矿区的异国人以政治权利，以及英国高级专员米尔纳（A. Milner）的强硬态度和挑衅。开始时，布尔人在主要战役中击败英国人，并包围重镇莱德史密斯（Ladysmith）、马菲京（Mafikeng）和庆伯利（Kimberley）。但基奇纳和罗伯次（F. S. Roberts）率领的英国援军解救了被围困的城镇，驱散布尔人军队，并於1900年占领布隆方丹（Bloemfontein）、约翰尼斯堡和普勒多利亚。持续的布尔人突击队袭击使基奇纳实施焦土政策：捣毁布尔人的农庄，把布尔人平民关入集中营。结果导致两万多人死亡，激起国际社会的强烈愤慨。布尔人最终承认战败，签署了「弗里尼欣和约」（Peace of Vereeniging）。
English version：
South African War
War fought between Great Britain and the two Boer (Afrikaner) republics—the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State—from 1899 to 1902. It was caused by the refusal of the Boer leader Paul Kruger to grant political rights to Uitlanders (“foreigners,” mostly English) in the interior mining districts, and by the aggressiveness of the British high commissioner, Alfred Milner. Initially the Boers defeated the British in major engagements and besieged the key towns of Ladysmith, Mafikeng, and Kimberley; but British reinforcements under H. H. Kitchener and F. S. Roberts relieved the besieged towns, dispersed the Boer armies, and occupied Bloemfontein, Johannesburg, and Pretoria (1900). Continuing Boer commando attacks led Kitchener to implement a scorched-earth policy: Boer farms were destroyed and Boer civilians were herded into concentration camps. More than 20,000 men, women, and children died as a result, causing international outrage. The Boers finally accepted defeat at the Peace of Vereeniging.