罗思柴尔德家族(Rothschild family)
欧洲银行世家。创始人为罗思柴尔德（1744～1812），从法兰克福的一家银行起家。家族的姓氏来源於迈耶的祖先居住的一所位於犹太人区的房子上的红色盾牌。1792到1815年的拿破仑战争时期的金融交易形成了罗思柴尔德家族财富的基础。迈耶及长子阿姆谢尔（1773～1855）坐镇法兰克福掌管当地的生意发展，而内森（1777～1836）於1804年在伦敦建立分行。詹姆斯（亦称Jakob，1792～1868）1811年在巴黎定居，1820年代萨洛蒙（1774～1855）和卡尔（1788～1855）分别在维也纳和那不勒斯建立了办事机构。後来的家族生意主要关注政府债券和对企业，包括铁路、煤业、制铁、石油和冶金行业在内的投资。他们强大的实力最终受到新兴的商业银行的挑战，到19世纪末罗思柴尔德家族集团已不是最大的银行财团。罗斯柴尔的家族的成员获得过诸多荣誉：迈耶的五个儿子都被奥地利帝国授予男爵勳位；一位後人成为首位进入英国国会的犹太人，另一位则是被升为英国贵族的第一人。自其在奥地利的房产被纳粹查封之後，只有居住在英国和法国的罗斯柴尔德家族还在从事银行业，这部分成员大多数以科学家和慈善家着称。罗斯柴尔德家族的菲利浦男爵（1902～1988）是第一流的葡萄酒酿造家，拥有穆顿罗斯柴尔德葡萄园。
English version：
Rothschild family
European banking dynasty. It was founded by Mayer Amschel Rothschild (1744-1812), who started out in a Frankfurt banking house. The family name derived from the red shield (rote Schild) on the house in the Jewish ghetto where Mayer's ancestors lived. The financial transactions of the Napoleonic Wars of 1792-1815 were the foundation of the Rothschild fortune. Mayer and his oldest son, Amschel (1773-1855), supervised the growing business from Frankfurt, while Nathan (1777-1836) established a branch in London in 1804. James (or Jakob, 1792-1868) settled in Paris in 1811, and Salomon (1774-1855) and Karl (1788-1855) opened offices in Vienna and Naples, respectively, in the 1820s. The Rothschild business later focused on government securities and industrial companies, including railway, coal, ironworking, oil, and metallurgical investments. Their powerful position was eventually threatened by the new commercial banks, and by the late 19th century the Rothschild group was no longer the first banking consortium. The Rothschilds received many honors: Mayer's five sons were made barons of the Austrian empire, a Rothschild was the first Jew to enter the British Parliament, and another was the first to be elevated to the British peerage. Members of the British and French families—the only ones still engaged in banking after the seizure of the Austrian house by the Nazis—distinguished themselves as scientists and philanthropists. Baron Philippe de Rothschild (1902-1988) became a premier winemaker, of the vineyard Mouton-Rothschild.