价格_综合百科_百问中文

价格(price)

为取得某一产品、服务或资源所必须支付的货币数额。以一种价值尺度运作，价格具有一种重大的经济功能，透过供求的调节，将供应稀缺的产品、服务和资源分配给最需要他们的人。资产的价格称为工资、利息或租金。价格机制这一体系基於这样一个原则：只有当价格被允许自由浮动时某种特定商品的供需才会平衡。如果供给过量，价格就会走低，产量也会减少，这会导致价格上升直到达到供需平衡为止。如果供给不足，价格就会很高，刺激产量的增长，反过来引起价格下降直到供需均衡。完全的自由价格机制在现实中是不存在的，即使是在自由市场经济中，独占和政府调控也会限制价格成为左右供需的决定因素。在中央计画经济下，价格机制可能被集权化的政府控制所取代。试图不靠价格机制来运作经济，通常会造成不想要的商品过剩、想要的产品短缺、黑市出现及经济成长的停滞。

English version：

price

Amount of money that has to be paid to acquire a given good, service, or resource. Operating as a measure of value, prices perform a significant economic function, distributing the scarce supply of goods, services, and resources to those who most want them through the adjustments of supply and demand. Prices of resources are called wages, interest, and rent. This system, known as the price mechanism, is based on the principle that only by allowing prices to move freely will the supply of any given commodity match demand. If supply is excessive, prices will be low and production will be reduced; this will cause prices to rise until there is a balance of demand and supply. If supply is inadequate, prices will be high, prompting an increase in production that in turn will lead to a reduction in prices until supply and demand are in equilibrium. A totally free price mechanism does not exist in practice; even in free-market economies, monopolies or government regulation may limit the efficiency of price as a determinant of supply and demand. In centrally planned economies, the price mechanism may be supplanted by centralized government control. Attempts to operate an economy without a price mechanism usually result in surpluses of unwanted goods, shortages of desired products, black markets, and stunted economic growth.

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