奥运会_综合百科

奥运会(Olympic Games)

在古希腊，希腊人每四年举行一次的节日活动，为运动、音乐和文学的竞赛。首届现代奥运会於1896年举行。每四年一届，分别在世界不同城市举行。最初奥运会举行赛跑、铁饼、标枪、跳远、拳击、摔跤、五项全能、马车赛等其他项目。西元393年罗马征服希腊後被取消，19世纪晚期，由於法国人顾拜旦的努力，奥运会得以恢复。第一届奥运会在雅典举行。1924年举行首次冬季奥运会。国际奥委会（总部设在瑞士洛桑）负责指导现代奥运会并管理比赛会。1896年後奥运会以田径为主，亦有从射箭到帆船等其他项目。现今比赛项目包括射箭、篮球、拳击、轻艇、自由车、跳水、马术、击剑、曲棍球、足球、体操、壁手球、柔道、现代五项全能运动、划船运动、射击、游泳、桌球、网球、田径运动、排球、水球、举重、角力、帆船等。冬季奥运会比赛有冬季两项运动（滑雪和射击）、有舵雪橇滑雪运动、冰上曲棍球、无舵雪橇运动、跳台滑雪、滑冰和滑雪。此外还设表演项目。

English version：

Olympic Games

In ancient Greece, a Panhellenic festival held every fourth year and made up of contests of sports, music, and literature. Since 1896, the name has been used for a modified revival of the ancient games consisting of international athletic contests held at four-year intervals. The original Greek games included footraces, the discus and javelin throws, the long jump, boxing, wrestling, the pentathlon, and chariot races. After the subjugation of Greece by Rome, the games declined; they were finally abolished in AD 393. They were revived in the late 19th cent through the efforts of the baron de Coubertin, the first modern games being held in Athens. The first Winter Games were held in 1924. The direction of the modern Olympic movement and the regulation of the games is vested in the International Olympic Committee, headquartered at Lausanne, Switzerland. Until the 1970s the games adhered to a strict code of amateurism, but since that time professional players have also been allowed to participate. Programs for the Summer Games include competition in archery, basketball, boxing, canoeing, cycling, diving, equestrian sports, fencing, field hockey, football (soccer), gymnastics, handball, judo, modern pentathlon, rowing, sailing, shooting, swimming, table tennis, tennis, track and field (athletics), volleyball, water polo, weight lifting, and wrestling. The program for the Winter Games includes the biathlon, bobsledding, ice hockey, lugeing, and numerous ice-skating and skiing events. The programs may also include demonstration sports and exhibitions.

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