芭蕾(ballet)
一种把正规的学院派舞蹈技巧结合音乐、服装和舞台布景等其他艺术要素的戏剧性舞蹈。从文艺复兴时期宫廷的表演发展而来，芭蕾在路易十四世时期重新复兴，1661年他成立皇家舞蹈研究院，任命博尚（P. Beauchamp）为院长，博尚发展出五个芭蕾舞位置。早期的芭蕾常伴随着歌唱，往往合并入诸如卢利这样的作曲家们的歌剧芭蕾中。18世纪时，诺维尔和安吉奥利尼分别创作了情节舞剧（ballet d'action），透过舞步和默剧来叙述一个故事，这一种改革也反映在葛路克所作的音乐中。19世纪初期芭蕾舞有了重大发展，包括脚尖点地的舞姿（以脚趾尖端保持平衡），以及首席芭蕾伶娜的出现，如塔利奥尼和埃尔丝勒。19世纪末、20世纪初，透过佳吉列夫、帕芙洛娃、尼金斯基、佩季帕和福金等人的革新，使俄国成为芭蕾剧的制作和表演中心；大型芭蕾舞剧多由柴可夫斯基和史特拉汶斯基作曲。此後，英国和美国的芭蕾舞学校努力将本国的芭蕾舞地位提昇到俄国芭蕾的层次，同时欣赏芭蕾舞的观众也增加了许多。亦请参阅American Ballet Theatre、Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo、Ballets Russes、Bolshoi Ballet、New York City Ballet、Royal Ballet。
English version：
ballet
Theatrical dance in which a formal academic technique (the danse d'école) is combined with music, costume, and stage scenery. Developed from court productions of the Renaissance, ballet was renewed under Louis XIV, who established France's Académie Royale de Danse in 1661, where Pierre Beauchamp developed the five ballet positions. Early ballets were often accompanied by singing and were often incorporated into opera-ballets by such composers as J.-B. Lully. In the 18th century J.-G. Noverre and Gasparo Angiolini separately developed the dramatic ballet (ballet d'action) to tell a story through dance steps and mime, a reform echoed in C.W. Gluck's music. Significant developments in the early 19th century included pointe work (balance on the extreme tip of the toe) and the emergence of the prima ballerina, exemplified by Marie Taglioni and Fanny Elssler. In the late 19th and early 20th century Russia became the center of ballet production and performance, through such innovators as Sergey Diaghilev, Anna Pavlova, Vaslav Nijinsky, Marius Petipa, and Michel Fokine; great ballets were composed by P. Tchaikovsky and I. Stravinsky. Since then, ballet schools in Great Britain and the U.S. have elevated ballet in those countries to Russia's level and greatly increased its audience. See also American Ballet Theatre, Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, Ballets Russes, Bolshoi Ballet, New York City Ballet, Royal Ballet.