白俄罗斯(Belarus)，亦作Byelarus。
旧称Belorussia
欧洲中北部共和国。面积207,600平方公里。人口约9,986,000（2001）。首都︰明斯克。人民以白俄罗斯人占多数，俄罗斯和乌克兰人为少数民族。语言︰白俄罗斯语和俄罗斯语（均为官方语）。宗教：以东正教为主。货币：卢布。西杜味拿河流经该国北部，聂伯河则流经东部，南部沿着普里皮亚季河是大片的沼泽地区。涅曼河上游流经西部。布格河穿过西南部，形成一段与波兰的疆界。主要城市除明斯克外，还有戈梅利、马休瑶和维捷布斯克。经济以农业为主。政府形式︰多党制中央集权共和国，一院制。国家元首暨政府首脑为总统。
现在的白俄罗斯人享有一种不同的身分和语言，但在这以前他们从未享有政治主权。现在的白俄罗斯这块领土以前常遭分割并经常易手，其历史与邻国历史是纠结在一起的。中世纪时，曾为立陶宛和波兰人统治。波兰遭第三次分割後，俄罗斯统治该区。第一次世界大战後，西部划归波兰，东部成为苏联的领土。第二次世界大战後，苏联兼并了更多的波兰领土，扩增了白俄罗斯苏维埃社会主义共和国的疆土。1986年大部分地区受到车诺比事件的污染，迫使许多人撤离家园。1991年白俄罗斯宣布独立，後来加入独立国协。1990年代处於日益严重的政治混乱中，1997年提出与俄国联盟，21世纪之初这项提议还在争论中。
English version：
Belarus
Republic, northern central Europe. Area: 80,154 sq mi (207,599 sq km). Population (1997 est.): 10,360,000. Capital: Minsk. The population is mainly Belarusan, with Russian and Ukrainian minorities. Languages: Belarus, Russian (both official). Religion: predominantly Eastern Orthodoxy. Currency: ruble. The northern part is crossed by the Western Dvina River; the Dnieper flows through its eastern portion; the south has extensive marshy areas along the Pripyat; the upper course of the Neman flows in the west; and the Bug forms part of the boundary with Poland in the southwest. The chief settlements, in addition to Minsk, are Homyel, Mahilyow, and Vitsyebsk. The economy is predominantly agricultural. It is a republic with two legislative houses; its head of state and government is the president. While Belarusans share a distinct identity and language, they never previously enjoyed political sovereignty. The territory that is now Belarus underwent partition and changed hands often; as a result its history is entwined with its neighbors'. In medieval times the region was ruled by Lithuanians and Poles. Following the Third Partition of Poland it was ruled by Russia. After World War I, the western part was assigned to Poland and the eastern part became U.S.S.R. territory. After World War II, the Soviets expanded what had been the Belorussian S.S.R. by annexing more of Poland. Much of the area suffered contamination from the Chernobyl accident in 1986, forcing many to evacuate. Belarus declared its independence in 1991 and later joined the Commonwealth of Independent States. Amid increasing political turmoil in the 1990s, it proposed a union with Russia in 1997, which was still in debate at the start of the 21st century.